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- Les Thraustochytriida sont un ordre de chromistes de l'embranchement des Bigyra, et de la classe des Labyrinthulea. (fr)
- Thraustochytrids are single-celled saprotrophic eukaryotes (decomposers) that are widely distributed in marine ecosystems, and which secrete enzymes including, but not limited to amylases, proteases, phosphatases. They are most abundant in regions with high amounts of detritus and decaying plant material. They play an important ecological role in mangroves, where they aid in nutrient cycling by decomposing decaying matter. Additionally, they contribute significantly to the synthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are essential fatty acids for the growth and reproduction of crustaceans. Thraustochytrids are members of the class Labyrinthulea, a group of protists that had previously been incorrectly categorized as fungi due to their similar appearance and lifestyle. With the advent of DNA sequencing technology, labyrinthulomycetes were appropriately placed with other stramenopiles and subsequently categorized as a group of Labyrinthulomycetes. There are several characteristics which are unique to Thraustochytrids, including their cell wall made of extracellular non-cellulosic scales, zoospores with characteristic heterokont flagella, and a bothrosome-produced ectoplasmic net, which is used for extracellular digestion. Thraustochytrids are morphologically variable throughout their life cycle. They have a main vegetative asexual cycle, which can vary depending on the genus. While sexual reproduction has been observed in this group, it remains poorly understood. Thraustochytrids are of particular biotechnical interest due to their high concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), palmitic acid, carotenoids, and sterols, all of which have beneficial effects to human health. Thraustochytrids rely on a plethora of resources such as various sources of organic carbon (vitamins and sugars), and inorganic salts throughout their life cycle. Scientists have devised several potential uses for thraustochytrids stemming around increasing DHA, fatty acids, and squalene concentrations in vivo by either changing the genetic makeup or medium composition/conditioning. There have also been some breakthroughs which have resulted in gene transfers to plant species in order to make isolation of certain oils easier and cost effective. Thraustochytrids are currently cultured for use in fish feed and production of dietary supplements for humans and animals. In addition, scientists are currently researching new methodologies to convert waste water into useful products like squalene, which can then be utilized for the production of biofuel. (en)
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| rdfs:comment
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- Les Thraustochytriida sont un ordre de chromistes de l'embranchement des Bigyra, et de la classe des Labyrinthulea. (fr)
- Thraustochytrids are single-celled saprotrophic eukaryotes (decomposers) that are widely distributed in marine ecosystems, and which secrete enzymes including, but not limited to amylases, proteases, phosphatases. They are most abundant in regions with high amounts of detritus and decaying plant material. They play an important ecological role in mangroves, where they aid in nutrient cycling by decomposing decaying matter. Additionally, they contribute significantly to the synthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are essential fatty acids for the growth and reproduction of crustaceans. Thraustochytrids are members of the class Labyrinthulea, a group of protists that had previously been incorrectly categoriz (en)
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