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- Al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-ʿUzma (transl. The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate; Arabic: الخلافة أو الإمامة العظمى) was an Islamic political treatise published by Syro-Egyptian Salafi Islamist theologian Rashid Rida in 1923. The book initially had appeared as a series of articles in Rida's Al-Manar Islamic magazine throughout the winter of 1922-1923 during the tumultous events of the abolition of Ottoman Sultanate. The book became the first substantial Islamic scholarly treatise of the 20th-century which elucidated the theological basis of a Khilafah and advocated the religious obligation of establishing an pan-Islamic supra-state. The treatise gave an in-depth explanation of the governance and working of the Caliphate system through precedents from Islamic history and decried the newly emerging trends that downplayed the orthodox Sunni doctrines on Caliphate; and equated the absence of Islamic state with the era of Jahiliyya (pre-Islamic ignorance). Rida produced the theoretical framework for an international Islamic order that enforced Sharia (Islamic laws), cementing his scholarly status as "the founding theoretician" for Islamist and Jihadist movements of the contemporary era. In the book, Rida postulated that the Islamic State should ideally be headed by a Mujtahid. The Caliph should enforce the laws of the Islamic Imamate/Caliphate based upon Quran, Hadith and the precedents from the four Rashidun Caliphs. Qualified ulema (Islamic scholars) have the responsibility to aid the government in this task, with the power to constantly evaluate and correct the Caliph and are obliged to act as the moral guardians of the Islamic order. So long as the elected Caliph rules in accordance with Islamic principles and justice, all Muslims are obliged to obey and unite behind him. The establishment of the ideal Caliphate was outlined as a deep-rooted visionary programme. In the absence of the ideal Caliphate, Muslims are obliged to form a "caliphate of necessity", an Islamic state that didnt satisfy the above stipulations. The treatise would have a profound influence on Islamic scholarly circles and sparked a revolutionary variant of pan-Islamist activism that opposed all forms of Western social, political and cultural influences. Inspired by the programme of the treatise, Islamists all across the world began totally rejecting all Western political theories and emphasise beliefs in the inherent superiority of Islamic system. Rida's Caliphate doctrine would directly influence ideologues of the Muslim Brotherhood, South Asian Jamaat e-Islami and Saudi Arabian Sahwa movement. (en)
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- 33552 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Muhammad Rashid Rida (en)
- - Muhammad Rashid Rida (en)
- Sayyid Rashid Rida (en)
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- The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate (en)
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- Islamic State, Islamic Khilafa and Islamism (en)
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- “the ‘ulama agreed that it is not permissible to swear the bay’ah for the khilafah to any except one who combines what they mentioned of requisite qualifications, especially justice, and competence, and his being Quraysh; but, if some of the requisite conditions are not present, then the matter enters into the rule of necessities, and the necessities dictate according to their measure that it is obligatory in that instance to swear the bay’ah to him who gathers together most of the requisite qualifications ..” (en)
- "This matter [i.e Khilafah] was dormant and the sudden events of these days awakened them when the Turks brought down the Ottoman House and established on its debris a republican state in a new form, .. however, they have named one of the members of the family of the previous sultans as a ‘spiritual caliph’ for all Muslims, and they have restricted this khilafah to this family… many newspapers have plunged into the matter of the khilafah and its rulings, and there has been much confusion and stampeding in the matter, and the truth has been enshrouded in falsehood; so, we saw it as incumbent upon ourselves to clarify the rulings of our shari'ah in regard to it in detail that which is dictated by the station in order that truth be known from the false." (en)
- "The pious ancestors of the ummah were in consensus, and the Sunnis, as well as the masses of the other sects that the position of the imam – that is, the appointing him as trustee over the ummah, is obligatory for Muslims according to the shari'ah.. the position of the caliph is a fard kifayah and that those who are obliged to fill it are the ahl al-hal wa al-'aqd in the ummah" (en)
- "the difference between this khilafah – the familiar khilafah of ‘domination’ and what came before it when both of them being permissible due to necessity is that the first issues from the ahl al-hal wa al-aqd by their choice of one who represents those who have lost some of the requisite conditions… whereas the second is an assailant of the khilafah by force of tribalism, not by the choice of the ahl al-hal wa al-‘aqd …” (en)
- “The Islamic world is in a state of anguish over the matter of its religion and the rulings of its shari’ah; subject to the whims of its rulers of different religions and confessions, the opinions of its ‘ulama, the guides of different madhahib and schools of thought, and the control of its enemies in religion and the world; and it does not have a source of agreed-upon general guidance to which to resort in that of which it is ignorant. Whenever there appears within it a reformer who castigates the people of whim, the corruptors rush to confront him and cast aspersions upon his religion and his knowledge; there is no cure for these corrupting factors and deviations except the revival of the position of the imamah, and the establishing the rightful imam…” (en)
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- al-Khilafah aw al-Imamah al-'Uzma, p. 121 (en)
- al-Khilafah aw al-Imamah al-'Uzma, p. 53 (en)
- al-Khilafah aw al-Imamah al-'Uzma, p. 54 (en)
- al-Khilafah aw al-Imamah al-'Uzma, p. 72 (en)
- al-Khilafah aw al-Imamah al-'Uzma, p. 74 (en)
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- (en)
- الخلافة أو الإمامة العظمى (en)
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- Al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-ʿUzma (transl. The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate; Arabic: الخلافة أو الإمامة العظمى) was an Islamic political treatise published by Syro-Egyptian Salafi Islamist theologian Rashid Rida in 1923. The book initially had appeared as a series of articles in Rida's Al-Manar Islamic magazine throughout the winter of 1922-1923 during the tumultous events of the abolition of Ottoman Sultanate. The book became the first substantial Islamic scholarly treatise of the 20th-century which elucidated the theological basis of a Khilafah and advocated the religious obligation of establishing an pan-Islamic supra-state. The treatise gave an in-depth explanation of the governance and working of the Caliphate system through precedents from Islamic history and decried the newly emer (en)
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- The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book) (en)
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- The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate (en)
- الخلافة أو الإمامة العظمى (en)
- (Al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-ʿUzma) (en)
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