| dbo:abstract
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- Speech-generating devices (SGDs), also known as voice output communication aids, are electronic augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems used to supplement or replace speech or writing for individuals with severe speech impairments, enabling them to verbally communicate. SGDs are important for people who have limited means of interacting verbally, as they allow individuals to become active participants in communication interactions. They are particularly helpful for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but recently have been used for children with predicted speech deficiencies. There are several input and display methods for users of varying abilities to make use of SGDs. Some SGDs have multiple pages of symbols to accommodate a large number of utterances, and thus only a portion of the symbols available are visible at any one time, with the communicator navigating the various pages. Speech-generating devices can produce electronic voice output by using digitized recordings of natural speech or through speech synthesis—which may carry less emotional information but can permit the user to speak novel messages. The content, organization, and updating of the vocabulary on an SGD is influenced by a number of factors, such as the user's needs and the contexts that the device will be used in. The development of techniques to improve the available vocabulary and rate of speech production is an active research area. Vocabulary items should be of high interest to the user, be frequently applicable, have a range of meanings, and be pragmatic in functionality. There are multiple methods of accessing messages on devices: directly or indirectly, or using specialized access devices—although the specific access method will depend on the skills and abilities of the user. SGD output is typically much slower than speech, although rate enhancement strategies can increase the user's rate of output, resulting in enhanced efficiency of communication. The first known SGD was prototyped in the mid-1970s, and rapid progress in hardware and software development has meant that SGD capabilities can now be integrated into devices like smartphones. Notable users of SGDs include Stephen Hawking, Roger Ebert, Tony Proudfoot, and Pete Frates (founder of the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge). Speech-generating systems may be dedicated devices developed solely for AAC, or non-dedicated devices such as computers running additional software to allow them to function as AAC devices. (en)
- 語音生成設備 （SGDs）， 也被稱為聲音輸出通信輔助設備 ，是一種電子輔助和替代通信 （AAC）系統。為有語言障礙的人補充、代替言語或書寫，使他們能夠口頭傳達他們的需求。 對於那些有語言溝通障礙的人來說，SGDs是很重要的。因為這個系統讓每個人在溝通互動上成為積極的參與者。語音生成設備對於肌萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）的患者特別有幫助，但最近已被用於協助預測性語音不足的兒童。 SGDs有多個輸入和顯示方法，給予不同類型的語言障礙者使用。有些SGDs提供許多的符號頁面來因應大量的言語訊息，因此隨著系統定位這些符號頁面時，一次僅能看到部分的符號。語音產生裝置可以產生透過錄製自然語音或語音合成的聲音，這種聲音或許帶有較少的情感訊息，但可以讓使用者表達豐富的語言訊息。 許多因素會引響系統內容、組織和SGD系統的詞彙更新，例如在用戶的需求，以及該設備使用的情境。 透過技術的進步，改善現有的詞彙量和輸出語速是目前活躍的研究領域。使用者對詞彙的使用應當是有高度重要性，是經常適用，具有一定範圍的含義，並且是在功能務實。 存取設備上訪問訊息有很多種方法：直接、間接地，或者使用專門的存取設備，雖然特定的存取方式會依用戶的能力決定 雖然速率增強策略可以增加輸出的用戶的速率，導致通信的效率提高，語音生成系統輸出通常比語音慢得多。 第一個已知的SGD原型是在70年代中期，在硬件和軟件開發進展迅速。這意味著SGD功能，現在可以整合到智能手機等設備。SGDs的用戶包括著名的斯蒂芬·霍金 ， 羅傑艾伯特、 托尼Proudfoot、和皮特Frates（ALS的冰桶挑戰的創始人）。 語音產生系統可以是純粹為AAC開發的專用設備，或者非專用設備，如電腦運行的其他軟件，來使系統作為AAC設備的電腦設備。 (zh)
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