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The Doji bara famine (also Skull famine) of 1791–1792 in the Indian subcontinent was brought on by a major El Niño event lasting from 1789–1795 and producing prolonged droughts. Recorded by William Roxburgh, a surgeon with the British East India Company, in a series of pioneering meteorological observations, the El Niño event caused the failure of the South Asian monsoon for four consecutive years starting in 1789.

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  • The Doji bara famine (also Skull famine) of 1791–1792 in the Indian subcontinent was brought on by a major El Niño event lasting from 1789–1795 and producing prolonged droughts. Recorded by William Roxburgh, a surgeon with the British East India Company, in a series of pioneering meteorological observations, the El Niño event caused the failure of the South Asian monsoon for four consecutive years starting in 1789. The resulting famine, which was severe, caused widespread mortality in Hyderabad, Southern Maratha Kingdom, Deccan, Gujarat, and Marwar (then all ruled by Indian rulers). In regions like the Madras Presidency (governed by the East India Company), where the famine was less severe, and where records were kept, half the population perished in some districts, such as in the Northern Circars. In other areas, such as Bijapur, although no records were kept, both the famine and the year 1791 came to be known in folklore as the Doji bara (also Doĝi Bar) or the "skull famine," on account, it was said, of the "bones of the victims which lay unburied whitening the roads and the fields." As in the Chalisa famine of a decade earlier, many areas were depopulated from death or migration. According to one study, a total of 11 million people may have died during the years 1789–1792 as a result of starvation or accompanying epidemics of disease. (en)
  • A fome Doji bara de 1791-92 na Ásia Meridional foi consequência de um evento de El Niño, que durou de 1789 até 1795, produzindo longas secas. O evento El Niño, registrado por William Roxburgh, um cirurgião da Companhia das Índias Orientais, em uma série de observações meteorológicas pioneiras, causou uma falha no período das monções por quatro anos consecutivos, tendo inicio em 1789. A fome resultante, que foi severa, causou mortalidade generalizada no Estado de Hyderabad, no Império Maratha, Decão, Guzerate e Marwar, todos ainda governados por Indianos. Na Presidência de Madras, governado pela Companhia das Índias Orientais, a fome foi menos severa, e onde os registros foram mantidos, metade da população de alguns distritos morreram. Em outra áreas, como o , apesar de não haver registros, tanto a fome como o ano de 1791 passaram ser conhecidos no folclore local como Doji bara ou Fome da Caveira, e segundo a história, é dito que a terra foi "coberta com os crânios dos mortos não enterrados". Assim como a Fome Chalisa uma década antes, muitas áreas foram depopuladas, tanto pelas mortes como pelas migrações. É estimado que cerca de 11 milhões de pessoas morreram entre os anos de 1789 até 1792 como resultado da fome ou das epidemias que se seguiram. (pt)
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  • The Doji bara famine (also Skull famine) of 1791–1792 in the Indian subcontinent was brought on by a major El Niño event lasting from 1789–1795 and producing prolonged droughts. Recorded by William Roxburgh, a surgeon with the British East India Company, in a series of pioneering meteorological observations, the El Niño event caused the failure of the South Asian monsoon for four consecutive years starting in 1789. (en)
  • A fome Doji bara de 1791-92 na Ásia Meridional foi consequência de um evento de El Niño, que durou de 1789 até 1795, produzindo longas secas. O evento El Niño, registrado por William Roxburgh, um cirurgião da Companhia das Índias Orientais, em uma série de observações meteorológicas pioneiras, causou uma falha no período das monções por quatro anos consecutivos, tendo inicio em 1789. (pt)
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  • Doji bara famine (en)
  • Fome Doji bara (pt)
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