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- Roderick the Last of the Goths is an 1814 epic poem composed by Robert Southey. The origins of the poem lie in Southey's wanting to write a poem describing Spain and the story of Rodrigo. Originally entitled "Pelayo, the Restorer of Spain," the poem was later retitled to reflect the change of emphasis within the story. It was completed after Southey witnessed Napoleon's actions in Europe, and Southey included his reactions against invading armies into the poem. The poem was successful, and multiple editions followed immediately after the first edition. The story describes fighting over the inheritance of the Spanish throne and how Roderick manages to take over. After Roderick rapes Florinda, daughter of his important ally Count Julian, Julian and others change their allegiance and aid the invading Moorish army. During a battle against the Moors, Roderick is wounded and escapes to start a new life. Eventually, Roderick travels across Spain before determining that he must return to rescue Pelayo, an heir to the Spanish throne who was held prisoner by the Moors. After freeing Pelayo, he meets Florinda who reveals that her rape was not Roderick's fault. The group allies itself with Count Pedro, and they build an army to wage war against the Moors. While fighting, Count Julian is assassinated by his own allies, and the Moorish army is broken and defeated. The poem ends with Roderick returning to the wilderness. Southey, like other poets who described the story of Roderick at the time, connected the Moorish invasion of Spain with Napoleon's invading of other countries. The story is also used to discuss the relationship of Islam and Christianity while promoting Southey's own views on religion. Regarding the rape scene, it is possible that Southey removed Roderick's guilt to create a more sympathetic character. Critics gave the work mixed reviews but many believed that Roderick the Last of the Goths was Southey's greatest work. Some critics pointed out various flaws in the work, but most felt that the subject was well handled and appropriately chosen. (en)
- Roderick the Last of the Goths – poemat epicki Roberta Southeya, opublikowany w 1814. Utwór składa się z dwudziestu pięciu pieśni. Został napisany wierszem białym (blank verse, czyli nierymowanym pentametrem jambicznym. Ten rodzaj wiersza już w czasach Roberta Southeya legitymował się dwuipółsetletnią tradycją w literaturze angielskiej. Do epiki wprowadził go w I połowie XVI wieku Henry Howard, hrabia Surrey, tłumacząc fragmenty z Eneidy Wergiliusza. Niedługo później Thomas Norton i Thomas Sackville zastosowali go w dramacie, pisząc tragedię , wystawioną w 1561. Odtąd blank verse był podstawowym metrum dramaturgii elżbietańskiej. Stosowali go Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe i William Szekspir. Od kiedy John Milton użył wiersza białego w Raju utraconym, nierymowany pięciostopowy jamb opanował największą angielską epikę. Long had the crimes of Spain cried out to Heaven; At length the measure of offence was full. Count Julian call'd the invaders ; not because Inhuman priests with unoffending blood Had stain'd their country ; not because a yoke Of iron servitude oppress'd and gall'd The children of the soil ; a private wrong Roused the remorseless Baron. Mad to wreak His vengeance for his violated child On Roderick's head, in evil hour for Spain, For that unhappy daughter and himself, Desperate apostate... on the Moors he call'd; Akcja poematu toczy się ww wczesnośredniowiecznej Hiszpanii. Jego głównym bohaterem jest Roderick, ostatni król Wizygotów z VIII wieku. Władca ten zginął w bitwie z muzułmańskimi Maurami w 711. Utwór Southeya został przedstawiony polskim czytelnikom niedługo po jego powstaniu w Gazecie Literackiej. (pl)
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- Roderick the Last of the Goths is an 1814 epic poem composed by Robert Southey. The origins of the poem lie in Southey's wanting to write a poem describing Spain and the story of Rodrigo. Originally entitled "Pelayo, the Restorer of Spain," the poem was later retitled to reflect the change of emphasis within the story. It was completed after Southey witnessed Napoleon's actions in Europe, and Southey included his reactions against invading armies into the poem. The poem was successful, and multiple editions followed immediately after the first edition. (en)
- Roderick the Last of the Goths – poemat epicki Roberta Southeya, opublikowany w 1814. Utwór składa się z dwudziestu pięciu pieśni. Został napisany wierszem białym (blank verse, czyli nierymowanym pentametrem jambicznym. Ten rodzaj wiersza już w czasach Roberta Southeya legitymował się dwuipółsetletnią tradycją w literaturze angielskiej. Do epiki wprowadził go w I połowie XVI wieku Henry Howard, hrabia Surrey, tłumacząc fragmenty z Eneidy Wergiliusza. Niedługo później Thomas Norton i Thomas Sackville zastosowali go w dramacie, pisząc tragedię , wystawioną w 1561. Odtąd blank verse był podstawowym metrum dramaturgii elżbietańskiej. Stosowali go Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe i William Szekspir. Od kiedy John Milton użył wiersza białego w Raju utraconym, nierymowany pięciostopowy jamb opanow (pl)
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