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- Murray M Chotiner, né le 4 octobre 1909 à Pittsburgh et mort le 30 janvier 1974 à Washington, est un stratège politique, avocat, fonctionnaire du gouvernement et proche collaborateur et ami de Richard Nixon pendant la majeure partie de la carrière politique du 37e président des États-Unis. Il sert comme directeur de campagne pour les succès de Nixon au Sénat des États-Unis en 1950 et pour la Vice-présidence des États-Unis en 1952, ainsi que pour des campagnes d'autres républicains de Californie. Il a été actif dans chacune des deux campagnes de Nixon pour la Maison-Blanche. Il meurt en janvier 1974 des suites d'un accident de la route Dans le film Nixon (1995) d'Oliver Stone, le rôle de Chotiner est joué par Fyvush Finkel. (fr)
- Murray M Chotiner (October 4, 1909 – January 30, 1974) was an American political strategist, attorney, government official, and close associate and friend of President Richard Nixon during much of the 37th President's political career. He served as campaign manager for the future president's successful runs for the United States Senate in 1950 and for the vice presidency in 1952, and managed the campaigns of other California Republicans. He was active in each of Nixon's two successful runs for the White House in low-profile positions. Chotiner was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; his father moved the family to California and then abandoned his wife and children. Murray Chotiner attended UCLA, and graduated from the Southwestern School of Law. He practiced law in Los Angeles, and branched out into public relations. Involving himself in Republican politics, he played an active part in several political campaigns and made an unsuccessful run for the California State Assembly in 1938. Nixon retained Chotiner as a consultant to his first congressional campaign in 1946. In an era when the perceived threat of communism was a major domestic issue, Chotiner advised the future president to link his liberal opponent, Representative Jerry Voorhis, to a political organization which was believed to be communist-dominated. Nixon was elected, and hired Chotiner to run his 1950 Senate campaign against Representative Helen Gahagan Douglas. Chotiner used a similar strategy in that campaign, stressing Douglas' liberal voting record and printing the accusations on pink paper to hint at communist sympathy. Nixon eventually defeated Douglas by nine points. Chotiner next managed Nixon's 1952 vice presidential campaign. He counseled Nixon through allegations of antisemitism and revelations that there were privately run funds to pay Nixon's political expenses—revelations that the candidate decisively overcame with his televised Checkers speech. After Congress investigated Chotiner in 1956, suspecting he was using his connections to Nixon for influence peddling to benefit his private legal clients, the vice president and his former campaign manager temporarily parted ways. Nixon recalled him to work on his unsuccessful 1962 campaign for Governor of California, and again for his successful 1968 presidential bid. After Nixon was inaugurated in 1969, Chotiner received a political appointment to a government position and, in 1970, became a member of the White House staff. He returned to private practice a year later, but was involved in Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign. Chotiner described the Watergate break-in that occurred during Nixon's 1972 campaign and that eventually brought down the Nixon administration as "stupid", and when a newspaper accused him of organizing it, he sued for libel and won a substantial settlement. He remained an informal adviser to Nixon until he died in Washington, D.C., following an auto accident in January 1974, and Nixon mourned the loss of a man he described as a counselor and friend. (en)
- 默里·M·乔蒂纳（英語：Murray M Chotiner，1909年10月4日－1974年1月30日）是美国、律师、官员，也是第37任美国总统理查德·尼克松大部分政治生涯期间的亲密伙伴和好友。他于1950年和1952年担任尼克松的竞选经理，分别帮助后者成功当选为加利福尼亚州联邦参议员和美国副总统，还有为加州其他共和党政治家担任竞选经理。在尼克松赢得的两次总统大选中都有乔蒂纳的参与，不过均是担任比较低调的职位。 乔蒂纳生于宾夕法尼亚州的匹兹堡，他的父亲带着全家搬到加利福尼亚州后抛弃了自己的妻儿子女。乔蒂纳先就读加州大学洛杉矶分校，之后又从西南法学院毕业。他在洛杉矶从事法律工作，并逐步进军公关领域。涉足共和党政治后，他在多场政治选举中发挥了积极作用，1938年他参加加利福尼亚州众议员选举，但没有成功。 1946年尼克松首次参选国会议员期间请来乔蒂纳担任政治顾问，由于当时美国国内将共产主义视为主要的潜在威胁，乔蒂纳建议尼克松把自由派对手、联邦众议员杰里·沃里斯与被认为由共产党主控的组织联系起来。之后尼克松成功当选，于是到1950年的参议员选举时他再次请来乔蒂纳主导竞选对抗联邦众议员海伦·嘉哈根·道格拉斯。乔蒂纳使用类似战术，强调道格拉斯的投票纪录并印发粉红传单加以指责，暗示对方同情共产党。尼克松又以较大优势击败道格拉斯，乔蒂纳接下来在1952年的总统大选中担任尼克松的竞选经理，帮助后者解决反犹太主义的不利指控，并在一起威胁到候选人资格的基金事件中向尼克松提供了坚定的支持，鼓励他通过电视讲话解决危机。 1956年，国会对乔蒂纳进行了调查，怀疑他利用与尼克松的关系来为私人法律客户谋求好处，之后两人分道扬镳。之后尼克松又请乔蒂纳为自己1962年竞选加利福尼亚州州长和1968年竞选美国总统工作。1969年尼克松就职后，乔蒂纳获得政府公职，并于1970年成为白宫幕僚的一员。一年后他辞职回归法律事业，但又参与了尼克松1972年的连任选举。乔蒂纳认为水门窃听案是件“愚蠢”的事，面对报纸上声称自己是案件主谋的指控，他以诽谤罪名将其告上法庭，最终获得了可观的和解赔偿金。之后他继续担任尼克松的非正式顾问直至1974年1月因车祸去世。尼克松称乔蒂纳是自己的朋友，也是个“有价值的顾问和值得信赖的同僚”。 (zh)
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- Murray M Chotiner (October 4, 1909 – January 30, 1974) was an American political strategist, attorney, government official, and close associate and friend of President Richard Nixon during much of the 37th President's political career. He served as campaign manager for the future president's successful runs for the United States Senate in 1950 and for the vice presidency in 1952, and managed the campaigns of other California Republicans. He was active in each of Nixon's two successful runs for the White House in low-profile positions. (en)
- Murray M Chotiner, né le 4 octobre 1909 à Pittsburgh et mort le 30 janvier 1974 à Washington, est un stratège politique, avocat, fonctionnaire du gouvernement et proche collaborateur et ami de Richard Nixon pendant la majeure partie de la carrière politique du 37e président des États-Unis. Il sert comme directeur de campagne pour les succès de Nixon au Sénat des États-Unis en 1950 et pour la Vice-présidence des États-Unis en 1952, ainsi que pour des campagnes d'autres républicains de Californie. Il a été actif dans chacune des deux campagnes de Nixon pour la Maison-Blanche. (fr)
- 默里·M·乔蒂纳（英語：Murray M Chotiner，1909年10月4日－1974年1月30日）是美国、律师、官员，也是第37任美国总统理查德·尼克松大部分政治生涯期间的亲密伙伴和好友。他于1950年和1952年担任尼克松的竞选经理，分别帮助后者成功当选为加利福尼亚州联邦参议员和美国副总统，还有为加州其他共和党政治家担任竞选经理。在尼克松赢得的两次总统大选中都有乔蒂纳的参与，不过均是担任比较低调的职位。 乔蒂纳生于宾夕法尼亚州的匹兹堡，他的父亲带着全家搬到加利福尼亚州后抛弃了自己的妻儿子女。乔蒂纳先就读加州大学洛杉矶分校，之后又从西南法学院毕业。他在洛杉矶从事法律工作，并逐步进军公关领域。涉足共和党政治后，他在多场政治选举中发挥了积极作用，1938年他参加加利福尼亚州众议员选举，但没有成功。 (zh)
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