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The Military Merit Cross (Militärverdienstkreuz) was established by Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on August 5, 1848. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a grand duchy located in northern Germany, was a member of the German Confederation and later the German Empire. An 1870 version was created for the Franco-Prussian War, where Mecklenburg troops fought as part of the 17. Division. In this war, a number of officers and soldiers received both the Iron Cross and the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Military Merit Cross.

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  • Vojenský záslužný kříž (německy Militärverdienstkreuz) byl meklenburské záslužné vyznamenání, založené 5. srpna 1848 meklenburským velkovévodou Původně byl udělován přímým účastníkům bojů, avšak výnosem z 24. prosince 1870 bylo propůjčování kříže rozšířeno na větší okruh osob. Byl udělován ve dvou třídách. Zanikl s pádem monarchií v Německu po roce 1918. (cs)
  • Das Militärverdienstkreuz wurde am 5. August 1848 durch Großherzog Friedrich Franz II. von Mecklenburg „... für hervorragende Beweise an Tapferkeit im Feldzuge gegen Dänemark in den Jahren 1848/49“ gestiftet. Vergeben wurde er aber auch an Teilnehmer des Feldzugs in Baden im Jahr 1849. Durch Erlass vom 24. Dezember 1870 wurde seine Verleihung auch auf Personen ausgedehnt, die nicht direkt an Gefechten teilgenommen hatten. In diesem Falle wurde das Kreuz am roten Band des Hausordens der Wendischen Krone getragen. Laut Verordnung vom 1. Mai 1871 konnte es auch an Damen verliehen werden, die sich während des Krieges besonders ausgezeichnet hatten. (de)
  • La Cruz al Mérito Militar (Militärverdienstkreuz) fue establecida por el Gran Duque Federico Francisco II de Mecklemburgo-Schwerin el 5 de agosto de 1848. Mecklemburgo-Schwerin, un gran ducado situado al norte de Alemania, fue un miembro de la Confederación Germánica y después del Imperio alemán. (es)
  • The Military Merit Cross (Militärverdienstkreuz) was established by Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on August 5, 1848. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a grand duchy located in northern Germany, was a member of the German Confederation and later the German Empire. In several respects, Mecklenburg-Schwerin's Military Merit Cross was patterned after the Prussian Iron Cross. Both came in two classes, a pinback 1st Class and a 2nd Class worn from a ribbon, both were awarded without regard to rank (most other orders and medals of both states were awarded in different classes based on the rank or status of the recipient), and both were awarded for specific campaigns, as indicated by a date on the bottom arm of the cross. However, there were more versions of the Mecklenburg cross than of the Prussian cross (which was only awarded by Prussia in the Napoleonic Wars, the Franco-Prussian War and World War I, and by Nazi Germany in World War II). The first versions were dated 1848 and 1849, and awarded for merit in the First War of Schleswig and in the suppression of the German Revolution of 1848-49 (some Mecklenburg troops were sent to Baden in 1849 while others remained in the fighting in Schleswig). In 1859, some Mecklenburg observers and Austrian officers were decorated for merit during the Second Italian War of Independence. The next version was dated 1864, and recognized merit in the Second War of Schleswig, also called the German-Danish War. Mecklenburg-Schwerin's participation on the side of Prussia and other north German states in the Austro-Prussian War led to the next version, dated 1866. An 1870 version was created for the Franco-Prussian War, where Mecklenburg troops fought as part of the 17. Division. In this war, a number of officers and soldiers received both the Iron Cross and the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Military Merit Cross. The next version was dated 1877. This was not awarded to Mecklenburgers (except for a few military observers), but to Russians and Romanians in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). Certain German states, especially Mecklenburg-Schwerin, were sympathetic to the Russian and Romanian cause, and had dynastic connections to both states. Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II's grandmother was Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia, his daughter was married to Tsar Alexander II of Russia's son, and his son and heir, Friedrich Franz III, would marry Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia in 1879. The Romanian royal family was a branch of the Hohenzollerns, the ruling house of Prussia and the newly created German Empire. A version dated 1900 was struck for Mecklenburgers who had distinguished themselves in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900-01. An undated version was then created, which was awarded for merit in various colonial conflicts of the first decade of the 20th century, including the Herero Wars (a series of brutal conflicts where some Germans displayed great bravery in fighting guerrillas from the Herero and other tribes, while other Germans perpetrated what has come to be seen as the genocide of the Herero people). Germany entered World War I in the first days of August 1914. On February 28, 1915, Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, reauthorized the Military Merit Cross. The new version was dated 1914 and awards were made retroactively to the beginning of the war. Both classes of the Military Merit Cross continued to be awarded throughout the war, both to Mecklenburgers and to soldiers of other German states and German allies. Upon Friedrich Franz IV's abdication on November 14, 1918, the Military Merit Cross became obsolete. It continued to be permitted for wear by those who had received it through the Weimar era, the Third Reich and in West Germany (it is unclear whether East Germany permitted the wear of any Imperial German decorations). (en)
  • La Croix du mérite militaire, Militärverdienstkreuz est une décoration instituée par le Grand-Duc Frédéric-François II le 5 août 1848. (fr)
  • La croce al merito militare del Granducato di Meclemburgo-Schwerin (Militärverdienstkreuz von Grossherzogtum Mecklemburg-Schwerin) fu un'onorificenza fondata dal Granduca Federico Francesco II di Meclemburgo-Schwerin il 5 agosto 1848 e poi divenuto una delle onorificenze degli stati confederati tedeschi con l'annessione alla Confederazione germanica e la creazione dell'Impero di Germania. Per certi aspetti, la croce al merito militare del Meclemburgo-Schwerin era modellata sulla forma della croce di ferro prussiana in quanto aveva il medesimo valore di premio. Come l'onorificenza prussiana essa era divisa in due classi distinte, concesse per meriti specifici che venivano indicati sulle braccia della croce stessa. Ad ogni modo, sono ad oggi conosciute molte versioni di questa croce (per la guerra franco-prussiana, per la prima guerra mondiale, nella seconda guerra mondiale dal governo nazista). La prima versione, datata 1848 e 1849, venne concessa a quanti avessero dimostrato particolari meriti militari durante la Prima guerra dello Schleswig e nella repressione degli atti rivoltosi dei medesimi anni. Nel 1859 molti ufficiali e soldati austriaci ne furono insigniti per i meriti universalmente riconosciuti all'esercito austriaco per i combattimenti nella seconda guerra di indipendenza in Italia. Un'altra versione venne creata nel 1864 per la Seconda guerra dello Schleswig, la cosiddetta Guerra tedesco-danese. Una nuova versione venne coniata per la partecipazione del Meclemburgo-Schwerin al fianco della Prussia con altri stati del Nord della Germania nella Guerra austro-prussiana del 1866. La versione del 1870 venne creata per la partecipazione alla guerra franco-prussiana, ove coloro che si fossero distinti ricevevano sia la croce di ferro prussiana che la medaglia al merito militare del Meclemburgo-Schwerin. Nel 1877 venne creata una nuova versione per quanti si fossero distinti nella guerra russo-turca (1877-1878) nell'ambito della questione della liberazione della Romania dal dominio ottomano, soprattutto per il fatto che la nonna del granduca Federico Francesco II era stata la granduchessa , la cui figlia aveva sposato il figlio dello zar Alessandro II di Russia e cuo figlio, Federico Francesco III, sposerà la granduchessa nel 1879. Inoltre la casata principesca regnante in Romania era derivata da un ramo cattolico degli Hohenzollern, regnanti in Prussia e poi sull'Impero di Germania. Venne creata nel 1900 la versione per commemorare quanti si fossero distinti nella ribellione dei Boxer del 1900-1901 e una versione non datata venne creata con tutta probabilità nei medesimi anni per distinguere quanti si fossero distinti nei conflitti coloniali in Africa ove l'Impero tedesco tentava a fatica di impiantare le proprie colonie. Nei primi giorni di agosto del 1914 l'Impero tedesco entrò nella prima guerra mondiale ed il 28 febbraio 1915 il Granduca Federico Francesco IV di Meclemburgo-Schwerin autorizzò una nuova versione della medesima decorazione, ma venne datata al 1914 per commemorare l'inizio del conflitto. Con l'abdicazione di Federico Francesco IV del 14 novembre 1918, la medaglia divenne obsoleta e non venne più conferita. (it)
  • Het Militair Kruis van Verdienste (Duits: Mecklenburgische Militärverdienstkreuz) van het groothertogdom Mecklenburg-Schwerin was een van de vele onderscheidingen die in de Duitse staten tijdens de 19e eeuw werden ingesteld. (nl)
  • Krzyż Zasługi Wojskowej (niem. Militärverdienstkreuz), wł. Krzyż Zasługi Wojskowej za Odznaczenie się Podczas Wojny (Militärverdienstkreuz für Auszeichnung im Kriege) – wojskowe odznaczenie Wielkiego Księstwa Meklemburgii-Schwerinu, ustanowione przez Fryderyka Franciszka II i przyznawane, niezależnie od statusu i rangi odznaczanego, za zasługi typowo wojenne w latach 1848-1918. Krzyż nadawany był w dwóch klasach (stopniach); w I klasie bez wstążki, w II klasie na wstążce Orderu Korony Wendyjskiej – jasnoniebieskiej z czerwono-złotymi paskami wzdłuż krawędzi. Dla osób nie biorących bezpośredniego udziału w walce wstążka była czerwona ze złoto-niebieskimi krawędziami, którą w wersji dla kobiet wiązano w kokardę. Kształt krzyża nawiązywał bezpośrednio do pruskiego Krzyża Żelaznego, ale wykonany był z brązu, a na awersie umieszczono napis „FÜR AUSZEICHNUNG IM KRIEGE” (za odznaczenie się podczas wojny). Podobne funkcją, podziałem i wstążkami odznaczenie Krzyż Zasługi za Odznaczenie się Podczas Wojny nadawało bratnie Wielkie Księstwo Meklemburgii-Strelitz. (pl)
  • Хрест «За військові заслуги» (Мекленбург-Шверін) (нім. Militärverdienstkreuz) — хрест, нагорода Великого герцогства Мекленбург-Шверін, що був заснований 5 серпня 1848 року для нагородження за воєнні заслуги перед Великим герцогством. (uk)
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  • Bravery or military merit in wartime (en)
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  • Several campaigns (en)
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  • 1914 (xsd:integer)
  • Combatant ribbon , non-combatant ribbon (en)
dbp:description
  • Bronze gilt cross pattée; 1st Class is a pinback decoration, 2nd Class is worn from a ribbon (en)
dbp:eligibility
  • Military decoration for all ranks (en)
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  • 1848-08-05 (xsd:date)
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  • Military Merit Cross (en)
dbp:presenter
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  • Prussian Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd Class (en)
dbp:status
  • Obsolete (en)
dbp:type
  • Cross in two classes (en)
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  • Vojenský záslužný kříž (německy Militärverdienstkreuz) byl meklenburské záslužné vyznamenání, založené 5. srpna 1848 meklenburským velkovévodou Původně byl udělován přímým účastníkům bojů, avšak výnosem z 24. prosince 1870 bylo propůjčování kříže rozšířeno na větší okruh osob. Byl udělován ve dvou třídách. Zanikl s pádem monarchií v Německu po roce 1918. (cs)
  • Das Militärverdienstkreuz wurde am 5. August 1848 durch Großherzog Friedrich Franz II. von Mecklenburg „... für hervorragende Beweise an Tapferkeit im Feldzuge gegen Dänemark in den Jahren 1848/49“ gestiftet. Vergeben wurde er aber auch an Teilnehmer des Feldzugs in Baden im Jahr 1849. Durch Erlass vom 24. Dezember 1870 wurde seine Verleihung auch auf Personen ausgedehnt, die nicht direkt an Gefechten teilgenommen hatten. In diesem Falle wurde das Kreuz am roten Band des Hausordens der Wendischen Krone getragen. Laut Verordnung vom 1. Mai 1871 konnte es auch an Damen verliehen werden, die sich während des Krieges besonders ausgezeichnet hatten. (de)
  • La Cruz al Mérito Militar (Militärverdienstkreuz) fue establecida por el Gran Duque Federico Francisco II de Mecklemburgo-Schwerin el 5 de agosto de 1848. Mecklemburgo-Schwerin, un gran ducado situado al norte de Alemania, fue un miembro de la Confederación Germánica y después del Imperio alemán. (es)
  • La Croix du mérite militaire, Militärverdienstkreuz est une décoration instituée par le Grand-Duc Frédéric-François II le 5 août 1848. (fr)
  • Het Militair Kruis van Verdienste (Duits: Mecklenburgische Militärverdienstkreuz) van het groothertogdom Mecklenburg-Schwerin was een van de vele onderscheidingen die in de Duitse staten tijdens de 19e eeuw werden ingesteld. (nl)
  • Хрест «За військові заслуги» (Мекленбург-Шверін) (нім. Militärverdienstkreuz) — хрест, нагорода Великого герцогства Мекленбург-Шверін, що був заснований 5 серпня 1848 року для нагородження за воєнні заслуги перед Великим герцогством. (uk)
  • The Military Merit Cross (Militärverdienstkreuz) was established by Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on August 5, 1848. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a grand duchy located in northern Germany, was a member of the German Confederation and later the German Empire. An 1870 version was created for the Franco-Prussian War, where Mecklenburg troops fought as part of the 17. Division. In this war, a number of officers and soldiers received both the Iron Cross and the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Military Merit Cross. (en)
  • La croce al merito militare del Granducato di Meclemburgo-Schwerin (Militärverdienstkreuz von Grossherzogtum Mecklemburg-Schwerin) fu un'onorificenza fondata dal Granduca Federico Francesco II di Meclemburgo-Schwerin il 5 agosto 1848 e poi divenuto una delle onorificenze degli stati confederati tedeschi con l'annessione alla Confederazione germanica e la creazione dell'Impero di Germania. (it)
  • Krzyż Zasługi Wojskowej (niem. Militärverdienstkreuz), wł. Krzyż Zasługi Wojskowej za Odznaczenie się Podczas Wojny (Militärverdienstkreuz für Auszeichnung im Kriege) – wojskowe odznaczenie Wielkiego Księstwa Meklemburgii-Schwerinu, ustanowione przez Fryderyka Franciszka II i przyznawane, niezależnie od statusu i rangi odznaczanego, za zasługi typowo wojenne w latach 1848-1918. Kształt krzyża nawiązywał bezpośrednio do pruskiego Krzyża Żelaznego, ale wykonany był z brązu, a na awersie umieszczono napis „FÜR AUSZEICHNUNG IM KRIEGE” (za odznaczenie się podczas wojny). (pl)
rdfs:label
  • Vojenský záslužný kříž (Meklenbursko-Zvěřínsko) (cs)
  • Militärverdienstkreuz (Mecklenburg) (de)
  • Cruz al Mérito Militar (Mecklemburgo-Schwerin) (es)
  • Croix du Mérite militaire (Mecklembourg-Schwerin) (fr)
  • Croce al merito militare (Meclemburgo-Schwerin) (it)
  • Military Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin) (en)
  • Militair Kruis van Verdienste (Mecklenburg-Schwerin) (nl)
  • Krzyż Zasługi Wojskowej (Meklemburgia) (pl)
  • Хрест «За військові заслуги» (Мекленбург-Шверін) (uk)
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  • Military Merit Cross (en)
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