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Visiting expeditions to the International Space Station are teams of one to three astronauts who visit the ISS by Soyuz on short duration expeditions. EP-N is a term used by RKK Energia, meaning both "Visiting Crew" as "Visiting Expedition". Humans have been on the ISS on a temporary basis since December 1998 and on a permanent basis since November 2000. The permanent occupation of the station is carried out by core crews, who usually stay for six months. Along with this, space shuttles have also been to the ISS during the construction of the station.

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  • Návštěvní posádky Mezinárodní vesmírné stanice jsou jedno až tříčlenné týmy kosmonautů, které v rámci návštěvních expedic krátkodobě navštěvují Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanici (ISS) v kosmických lodích Sojuz. Lidé na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici pobývají přechodně od prosince 1998, trvale od listopadu 2000. Trvalé osídlení Mezinárodní vesmírné stanice zajišťují základní posádky, střídající se obvykle po šesti měsících. Kromě nich a návštěvních posádek ze Sojuzů na stanici přilétaly americké raketoplány Space Shuttle, jejichž osazenstvo především zajišťovalo montáž raketoplánem přivezených modulů a konstrukcí. Jednorázové trojmístné Sojuzy slouží na ISS jako záchranné čluny, které se střídají po půl roce. Pokud doprava členů základních posádek nevyčerpá kapacitu Sojuzů, jsou lodě obsazeny kosmonauty, kteří se po týdnu až deseti dnech vracejí střídanou lodí (zpravidla zástupci neruských kosmických agentur nebo soukromníky, a tedy platícími za cestu). Tito kosmonauté jsou „návštěvní posádkou“ a jejich výpravy „návštěvní expedicí“ (rusky экспедиция посещения, zkráceně ЭП). V období 2000–2002, kdy byly základní posádky střídány raketoplány, mohly být návštěvní expedice tříčlenné. V letech 2003–2009 zbývalo kromě dvou členů základních posádek v Sojuzech pouze jedno místo. Od roku 2009 jsou základní posádky šestičlenné a jejich dopravou jsou Sojuzy plně vytíženy. Další krátkodobá návštěva proběhla až v září 2015 v souvislosti s ročním letem ruského a amerického kosmonauta (Michaila Kornijenko a Scotta Kelly) a poté roku 2019. (cs)
  • Visiting expeditions to the International Space Station are teams of one to three astronauts who visit the ISS by Soyuz on short duration expeditions. EP-N is a term used by RKK Energia, meaning both "Visiting Crew" as "Visiting Expedition". Humans have been on the ISS on a temporary basis since December 1998 and on a permanent basis since November 2000. The permanent occupation of the station is carried out by core crews, who usually stay for six months. Along with this, space shuttles have also been to the ISS during the construction of the station. Three-seat, single-use Soyuz serve as lifeboats on the ISS, changing every six months. If transporting the core members does not fully occupy the Soyuz, the ships end up being crewed by astronauts returning after a week or ten days on the space shuttle (usually representatives of space agencies other than Russia or space tourists) or by the Soyuz. These crew members are the "visiting team" and their expeditions are called "visiting expeditions" (Russian: экспедиция посещения, or ЭП). In the period 2000–2002, when crews were switched to the space shuttle, visiting expeditions ended up being three people. From 2003 to 2009, there was only one seat available on the Soyuz in addition to two main crew seats. Since 2009, the main crews have been six crew members and the Soyuz was solely used for its transportation until the Crew Dragon launch. The next short visit did not occur until September 2015, in connection with the one-year mission to the ISS, and then in 2019. Continued international collaboration on ISS missions has been thrown into doubt by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions on Russia. (en)
  • Экспедиции посещения МКС (ЭП) — это краткосрочные пилотируемые экспедиции на Международную космическую станцию, доставка и возвращение которых осуществляется российскими космическими кораблями серии «Союз». Данное обозначение официально используется Роскосмосом и предприятиями российской ракетно-космической отрасли, и при этом не включает в себя краткосрочные пилотируемые экспедиции на МКС, осуществляемые американскими пилотируемыми космическими кораблями (Space Shuttle, Crew Dragon и Starliner). (ru)
  • As expedições visitantes na Estação Espacial Internacional são equipes de um a três astronautas que visitam a ISS pela Soyuz em expedições de curta duração. EP-N é um termo utilizado pela RKK Energia, significando tanto "Tripulação Visitante" quanto "Expedição Visitante". Os humanos tem estado de forma temporária na ISS desde dezembro de 1998 e de forma permanente desde novembro de 2000. A ocupação permanente da estação é realizada por equipes principais, que geralmente ficam por seis meses. Junto disso, os ônibus espaciais também foram até a ISS durante a construção da estação. Soyuz de três assentos e de uso único servem como botes salva vidas na ISS, trocando a cada seis meses. Se o transporte dos membros principais não ocupar totalmente a Soyuz, as naves acabam sendo tripuladas por astronautas que retornavam após uma semana ou dez dias no ônibus espacial (geralmente representantes de agências espaciais além da Rússia ou turistas espaciais) ou pela Soyuz. Estes tripulantes são a "equipe visitante" e suas expedições são chamadas de "expedições visitantes" (Russo: экспедиция посещения, ou ЭП). No período de 2000-2002, quando as tripulações eram trocadas pelo ônibus espacial, as expedições visitantes acabavam sendo de três pessoas. Entre 2003-2009, só havia um assento disponível na Soyuz além de dois assentos da tripulação principal. Desde 2009, as tripulações principais tem sido de seis tripulantes e a Soyuz foi unicamente utilizada por seu transporte até o lançamento da Crew Dragon. A aproxima visita de curta duração não ocorreu até setembro de 2015, em relação com a missão de um ano na ISS, e então em 2019. (pt)
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  • Экспедиции посещения МКС (ЭП) — это краткосрочные пилотируемые экспедиции на Международную космическую станцию, доставка и возвращение которых осуществляется российскими космическими кораблями серии «Союз». Данное обозначение официально используется Роскосмосом и предприятиями российской ракетно-космической отрасли, и при этом не включает в себя краткосрочные пилотируемые экспедиции на МКС, осуществляемые американскими пилотируемыми космическими кораблями (Space Shuttle, Crew Dragon и Starliner). (ru)
  • Návštěvní posádky Mezinárodní vesmírné stanice jsou jedno až tříčlenné týmy kosmonautů, které v rámci návštěvních expedic krátkodobě navštěvují Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanici (ISS) v kosmických lodích Sojuz. (cs)
  • Visiting expeditions to the International Space Station are teams of one to three astronauts who visit the ISS by Soyuz on short duration expeditions. EP-N is a term used by RKK Energia, meaning both "Visiting Crew" as "Visiting Expedition". Humans have been on the ISS on a temporary basis since December 1998 and on a permanent basis since November 2000. The permanent occupation of the station is carried out by core crews, who usually stay for six months. Along with this, space shuttles have also been to the ISS during the construction of the station. (en)
  • As expedições visitantes na Estação Espacial Internacional são equipes de um a três astronautas que visitam a ISS pela Soyuz em expedições de curta duração. EP-N é um termo utilizado pela RKK Energia, significando tanto "Tripulação Visitante" quanto "Expedição Visitante". Os humanos tem estado de forma temporária na ISS desde dezembro de 1998 e de forma permanente desde novembro de 2000. A ocupação permanente da estação é realizada por equipes principais, que geralmente ficam por seis meses. Junto disso, os ônibus espaciais também foram até a ISS durante a construção da estação. (pt)
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  • Seznam návštěvních posádek Mezinárodní vesmírné stanice (cs)
  • List of visiting expeditions to the International Space Station (en)
  • Lista de expedições visitantes à Estação Espacial Internacional (pt)
  • Экспедиции посещения МКС (ru)
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