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- Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, or Kaḷaviyal eṉṟa Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, literally "Iraiyanar's treatise on the love-theme, called 'The study of stolen love'" (Tamil: களவியல் என்ற இறையனார் அகப்பொருள்) is an early mediaeval work on Tamil poetics, specifically, on the literary conventions associated with the akam tradition of Tamil love poetry. The date of the work is uncertain, but it is generally taken to have been composed between the fifth and eighth centuries. The Akapporul consists of a set of sixty nūṟpās – terse epigrams written in verse which codify rules – attributed to Iraiyanar. The received text of the accompanied by a long prose treatise on akam poetics attributed to Nakkiraṉār, which is structured as a commentary on the nūṟpās, but significantly expands on them and introduces several new ideas. The work as a whole occupies an important place in the history of Tamil literature for several reasons. The poetical argument of the work, and in particular Nakkiranar's treatment of traditional love episodes as successive scenes in an unfolding drama, was extremely influential in the development of Tamil love poetry and poetics in the mediaeval and pre-colonial periods. Secondly. Nakkiranar's treatise is both the first major Tamil work to be written entirely in prose, and the first erudite textual commentary in Tamil, and as such stylistically shaped the development of the Tamil prose and commentarial traditions. Finally, the work also contains the oldest account of the Sangam legend, which has played a significant role in modern Tamil consciousness. (en)
- Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, ou Kaḷaviyal eṉṟa Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, littéralement Le Traité de Iraiyanar sur le thème de l'amour, appelé « l'étude de l'amour volé » (tamoul : களவியல் என்ற இறையனார் அகப்பொருள்) est une œuvre sur la poésie tamoule datant du début du Moyen Âge, consacrée essentiellement aux conventions littéraires associées avec la tradition akam des poèmes d'amour tamouls. La date de l’œuvre est incertaine, mais on pense en général qu'elle a été composée entre le Ve siècle et le VIIIe siècle. (fr)
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- Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, ou Kaḷaviyal eṉṟa Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, littéralement Le Traité de Iraiyanar sur le thème de l'amour, appelé « l'étude de l'amour volé » (tamoul : களவியல் என்ற இறையனார் அகப்பொருள்) est une œuvre sur la poésie tamoule datant du début du Moyen Âge, consacrée essentiellement aux conventions littéraires associées avec la tradition akam des poèmes d'amour tamouls. La date de l’œuvre est incertaine, mais on pense en général qu'elle a été composée entre le Ve siècle et le VIIIe siècle. (fr)
- Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, or Kaḷaviyal eṉṟa Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ, literally "Iraiyanar's treatise on the love-theme, called 'The study of stolen love'" (Tamil: களவியல் என்ற இறையனார் அகப்பொருள்) is an early mediaeval work on Tamil poetics, specifically, on the literary conventions associated with the akam tradition of Tamil love poetry. The date of the work is uncertain, but it is generally taken to have been composed between the fifth and eighth centuries. (en)
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- Iraiyanar Agapporul (fr)
- Iraiyanar Akapporul (en)
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