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- Information and computer science (ICS) or computer and information science (CIS) (plural forms, i.e., sciences, may also be used) is a field that emphasizes both computing and informatics, upholding the strong association between the fields of information sciences and computer sciences and treating computers as a tool rather than a field. Information science is one with a long history, unlike the relatively very young field of computer science, and is primarily concerned with gathering, storing, disseminating, sharing and protecting any and all forms of information. It is a broad field, covering a myriad of different areas but is often referenced alongside computer science because of the incredibly useful nature of computers and computer programs in helping those studying and doing research in the field – particularly in helping to analyse data and in spotting patterns too broad for a human to intuitively perceive. While information science is sometimes confused with information theory, the two have vastly different subject matter. Information theory focuses on one particular mathematical concept of information while information science is focused on all aspects of the processes and techniques of information. Computer science, in contrast, is less focused on information and its different states, but more, in a very broad sense, on the use of computers – both in theory and practice – to design and implement algorithms in order to aid the processing of information during the different states described above. It has strong foundations in the field of mathematics, as the very first recognised practitioners of the field were renowned mathematicians such as Alan Turing. Information science and computing began to converge in the 1950s and 1960s, as information scientists started to realize the many ways computers would improve information storage and retrieval. (en)
- 信息与计算科学专业（Information and Computing Science）是中国大陆的一个数学统计类专业名，隶属于运算科学范畴。1987年运算数学专业更名为“”，1998年中国教育部将其更名为信息与计算科学，是以信息领域为背景，数学，统计学与信息学，计算机科学相结合的数学统计类专业。该专业培养的学生具有良好的数学基础，算法基础，能熟练地使用计算机，初步具备在信息与计算机科学领域的某个方向上从事科学研究，解决实际问题，设计开发有关计算机软件的能力。 (zh)
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- 信息与计算科学专业（Information and Computing Science）是中国大陆的一个数学统计类专业名，隶属于运算科学范畴。1987年运算数学专业更名为“”，1998年中国教育部将其更名为信息与计算科学，是以信息领域为背景，数学，统计学与信息学，计算机科学相结合的数学统计类专业。该专业培养的学生具有良好的数学基础，算法基础，能熟练地使用计算机，初步具备在信息与计算机科学领域的某个方向上从事科学研究，解决实际问题，设计开发有关计算机软件的能力。 (zh)
- Information and computer science (ICS) or computer and information science (CIS) (plural forms, i.e., sciences, may also be used) is a field that emphasizes both computing and informatics, upholding the strong association between the fields of information sciences and computer sciences and treating computers as a tool rather than a field. Information science and computing began to converge in the 1950s and 1960s, as information scientists started to realize the many ways computers would improve information storage and retrieval. (en)
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- Information and computer science (en)
- 信息与运算科学 (zh)
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