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- ثورة الشمال السوري انتفاضة مسلحة قامت في شمال غرب سوريا ضد الاحتلال الفرنسي. بدأت الثورة في عهد المملكة السورية العربية واستمرت بعد سقوط دمشق عقب معركة ميسلون. قاد الثورة إبراهيم هنانو وقاد عملياتها يوسف السعدون في أنطاكية وعموم لواء اسكندرون وعمر البيطار في الحفة ونجيب عويد في منطقة حلب وريفها في جبل الزاوية. أعلن هنانو الثورة في العاشر من نيسان عام 1919. قامت الثورة في شمال سورية حيث الحد الفاصل بين ما هو عربي وتركي، في وقت لم تكن الحدود قد رسمت، ولكنها مع ذلك قامت ضد عدو مشترك للعرب والأتراك. وتركزت الثورة في الريف رغم قول أغلبية المؤرخين إن مركز الحركة الوطنية كان في المدن، وإن الريف كان غارقاً في محليته، ولكن هذه الثورة أثبتت أن الريف لم يكن أقل وطنية ومقاومة للاحتلال من المدينة فثار بينما اكتفت مدينة حلب بالدعم السياسي والمادي. وهكذا كان أولئك المجاهدون الذين عاشوا في الريف السوري يسهمون في تغيير المستقبل السياسي لبلدهم دون أن يدركوا ذلك. قامت الثورة بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى على عتبة تحول كبير عصف بالدولة العثمانية، رافقه نمو الوعي القومي العربي ودون غياب الحس الإسلامي. قامت في المرحلة الانتقالية بين الماضي العثماني والحاضر العربي السوري. الزمن القريب من الماضي العثماني الذي استمر حوالي أربعة قرون في زمن ضاعت فيه معالم الأشياء فلم يكد يدرك السكان معنى رحيل الأتراك الذي عملوا من أجله حتى صدموا بالاحتلال الفرنسي. فكانت التفاتة سريعة إلى الماضي وحنيناً إلى العثمانيين الأخوة في الدين بعد مدة قصيرة من رحليهم. بينما نظر الكماليون إلى الأمر على أنه طريق للعودة إلى الماضي العثماني ولكن بالصيغة التركية بدل الإسلامية. (ar)
- The Hananu Revolt (also known as the Aleppo Revolt or the Northern revolts) was an insurgency against French military forces in northern Syria, mainly concentrated in the western countryside of Aleppo, in 1920–1921. Support for the revolt was driven by opposition to the establishment of the French Mandate of Syria. Commonly named after its leading commander, Ibrahim Hananu, the revolt mainly consisted of four allied insurgencies in the areas of Jabal Harim, Jabal Qusayr, Jabal Zawiya and Jabal Sahyun. The rebels were led by rural leaders and mostly engaged in guerrilla attacks against French forces or the sabotage of key infrastructure. The Hananu Revolt coincided with the Alawite Revolt in Syria's coastal mountains led by Saleh al-Ali, and both al-Ali and Hananu jointly referred to their revolts as part of the "general national movement of Western Aleppo". Despite early rebel victories, guerrilla operations ceased after the French occupation of Aleppo city in July 1920 and the dissolution of the Arab government in Damascus, the revolt's key backer. Hananu's forces renewed the revolt in November 1920 after securing substantial military aid from the Turkish forces of Mustafa Kemal, who were fighting the French for control of southern Anatolia. At the revolt's peak in 1920, Hananu established a quasi-state in the region between Aleppo and the Mediterranean. The rebels were dealt major battlefield defeats in December 1920, and following agreements between the French and the Turks, Turkish military support for the rebels largely dissipated by the spring of 1921. French forces overran Hananu's last stronghold in Jabal Zawiya in July. Hananu was tried by the French Mandatory authorities and was ultimately acquitted. A low-level insurgency led by Yusuf al-Sa'dun persisted, with the last major military engagement with French forces occurring on 8 August 1926. The latter occurred during the countrywide Great Syrian Revolt, which began in the summer of 1925. The collapse of the Hananu Revolt marked a significant turning point in Aleppo's political configurations. Whereas prior to the revolt, many in Aleppo's political elite were aligned with Turkish national politics, the betrayal that Aleppo's leaders felt at the withdrawal of Turkish support prompted most of them to embrace and pursue a shared destiny with the rest of Syria. Many were also influenced by Hananu's support for Syrian unity and strengthening ties with Damascus. In the aftermath of the Franco-Turkish accords, Aleppo's Anatolian hinterland, the major market for its goods and the supplier of its food and raw materials, was ceded to Turkey. This effectively severed commercial relations between Aleppo and Anatolia, harming the former's economy. (en)
- A Revolta de Hananu (também conhecida como a Revolta de Alepo ou as Revoltas do Norte) ocorreu em 1920-1921 na zona rural ocidental de Alepo e o seu objetivo era expulsar as forças militares francesas do norte da Síria. O apoio à revolta foi motivado pela oposição ao estabelecimento de um Mandato Francês no país. A revolta recebeu o nome de seu principal comandante, Ibrahim Hananu, e consistia principalmente de quatro revoltas aliadas nas áreas de Jabal Harim, Jabal Qusayr, Jabal Zawiya e Jabal Sahyun. Os rebeldes foram liderados por líderes rurais e principalmente envolvidos em ataques de guerrilha contra forças francesas ou sabotagem de infraestruturas chave. A Revolta de Hananu coincidiu com a Revolta Alauíta nas montanhas costeiras da Síria liderada por Saleh al-Ali, e tanto al-Ali quanto Hananu se referiram ás suas revoltas como parte do "movimento nacional geral do oeste de Alepo". Apesar das primeiras vitórias rebeldes, as operações de guerrilha cessaram após a ocupação francesa de Alepo em Julho de 1920 e a dissolução do Governo Árabe, o principal apoiante da revolta. No entanto, as forças de Hananu renovaram a sua revolta em Novembro de 1920, depois de obter uma grande ajuda militar das Forças Turcas de Mustafa Kemal, que lutavam contra os franceses pelo controle do sul da Anatólia. No auge da revolta em 1920, Hananu estabeleceu um quase estado na região entre Alepo e o Mediterrâneo. Os rebeldes sofreram grandes golpes no campo de batalha em Dezembro de 1920 e após acordos entre Franceses e Turcos, o apoio militar turco aos rebeldes se dissipou em grande parte na primavera de 1921. As Forças Francesas invadiram o último reduto de Hananu em Jabal Zawiya em Julho. Hananu foi julgado pelas autoridades Mandatárias Francesas e acabou absolvido. Uma insurgência de baixa intensidade liderada pelo líder rebelde Yusuf al-Sa'dun persistiu, com o último grande envolvimento militar com forças francesas a ocorrer em 8 de Agosto de 1926. Este último ocorreu a meio da Grande Revolta Síria, que começou no verão de 1925. O colapso da Revolta de Hananu marcou um ponto de virada significativo nas configurações políticas de Alepo. Enquanto antes da revolta, muitos na elite política de Alepo estavam alinhados com a política nacional Turca, a traição que os líderes de Alepo sentiram com a retirada do apoio Turco levou a maioria deles a abraçar e perseguir um destino compartilhado com o resto da Síria. Muitos também foram influenciados pelo apoio de Hananu à unidade síria e pelo fortalecimento dos laços com Damasco. No rescaldo dos acordos Franco-Turcos, o interior da Alepo, Anatólia, o principal mercado para seus produtos e o fornecedor de alimentos e matérias-primas, foi cedido à Turquia. Isso efectivamente cortou as relações comerciais entre Alepo e Anatólia, prejudicando a economia do primeiro. (pt)
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- France
- Supported by:
- Turkey
- Syria
- Transjordan
- Army of the Levant
- Mandatory Syria
- Rebel groups (′Isabat) of northernSyria
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- 1 A low-level insurgency continued until at least August 1926
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- ~5,000 irregulars
- 20,000 (2nd Division in Cilicia and Aleppo district)
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- 61047 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- A map of northwestern Syria, where the Hananu Revolt was based. The revolt was divided into four military zones: Jabal Qusayr, Jabal Sahyun, Jabal Zawiya and Jabal Harim (en)
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- France (en)
- Syria (en)
- Turkey (en)
- Supported by: (en)
- Transjordan (en)
- Army of the Levant (en)
- Mandatory Syria (en)
- Rebel groups of northern Syria (en)
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- April 1920 –July 19211 (en)
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- the Franco–Syrian War (en)
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- Western countryside of Aleppo (en)
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- 20000 (xsd:integer)
- ~5,000 irregulars (en)
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- ثورة الشمال السوري انتفاضة مسلحة قامت في شمال غرب سوريا ضد الاحتلال الفرنسي. بدأت الثورة في عهد المملكة السورية العربية واستمرت بعد سقوط دمشق عقب معركة ميسلون. قاد الثورة إبراهيم هنانو وقاد عملياتها يوسف السعدون في أنطاكية وعموم لواء اسكندرون وعمر البيطار في الحفة ونجيب عويد في منطقة حلب وريفها في جبل الزاوية. أعلن هنانو الثورة في العاشر من نيسان عام 1919. (ar)
- The Hananu Revolt (also known as the Aleppo Revolt or the Northern revolts) was an insurgency against French military forces in northern Syria, mainly concentrated in the western countryside of Aleppo, in 1920–1921. Support for the revolt was driven by opposition to the establishment of the French Mandate of Syria. Commonly named after its leading commander, Ibrahim Hananu, the revolt mainly consisted of four allied insurgencies in the areas of Jabal Harim, Jabal Qusayr, Jabal Zawiya and Jabal Sahyun. The rebels were led by rural leaders and mostly engaged in guerrilla attacks against French forces or the sabotage of key infrastructure. (en)
- A Revolta de Hananu (também conhecida como a Revolta de Alepo ou as Revoltas do Norte) ocorreu em 1920-1921 na zona rural ocidental de Alepo e o seu objetivo era expulsar as forças militares francesas do norte da Síria. O apoio à revolta foi motivado pela oposição ao estabelecimento de um Mandato Francês no país. A revolta recebeu o nome de seu principal comandante, Ibrahim Hananu, e consistia principalmente de quatro revoltas aliadas nas áreas de Jabal Harim, Jabal Qusayr, Jabal Zawiya e Jabal Sahyun. Os rebeldes foram liderados por líderes rurais e principalmente envolvidos em ataques de guerrilha contra forças francesas ou sabotagem de infraestruturas chave. (pt)
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- ثورة الشمال السوري (ar)
- Hananu Revolt (en)
- Revolta de Hananu (pt)
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