About: Garduña

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The Garduña is a mythical organized, secret criminal society said to have been founded in Spain in the late Middle Ages. It was said to have been a prison gang that grew into a more organized entity over time, involved with robbery, kidnapping, arson, and murder-for-hire. Its statutes were said to have been approved in Toledo in 1420 after being founded around 1417.

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  • La Garduña va ser suposadament una societat secreta criminal o grup de crim organitzat que hauria operat a Espanya des de mitjans del segle xv fins al segle xix. No obstant això, les fonts que en parlen són molt discutides i la mateixa existència d'aquesta societat és qüestionada per diversos historiadors moderns, atès que només es compta amb testimonis literaris. (ca)
  • Garduña ist der Name einer möglicherweise erst später erfundenen geheimen kriminellen Organisation in Spanien während des späten Mittelalters. Wenn es sie tatsächlich gab, soll die Garduña vor allem in, aber auch außerhalb von Gefängnissen aktiv gewesen sein. Sie erzielte ihre Einkünfte durch Raub, Geiselnahmen, Brandstiftung und Auftragsmorde. Sie soll 1417 gegründet worden sein und sich 1420 in Toledo eigene Statuten gegeben haben. (de)
  • The Garduña is a mythical organized, secret criminal society said to have been founded in Spain in the late Middle Ages. It was said to have been a prison gang that grew into a more organized entity over time, involved with robbery, kidnapping, arson, and murder-for-hire. Its statutes were said to have been approved in Toledo in 1420 after being founded around 1417. Spanish historians and have traced all references to the Garduña back to the 19th-century book Misterios de la inquisición española y otras sociedades secretas de España by (maybe a pseudonym for ) and , published in 1850. Arsenal and Sanchiz doubt the Garduña ever existed. As a secret society, the Garduña is very attractive for conspiracism, according to the historian Sanchiz. It was supposedly active for over 400 years in Spain and, among other things, it supposedly carried out the dirty work of the Inquisition. In serious Spanish studies about bandolerismo (outlaws) and social disorders (very frequent in Andalusia in the 19th century), there is not a single mention of the Garduña. Some have claimed that the Garduña was a precursor to the Neapolitan Camorra, a crime syndicate active to this day in southern Italy, and was transplanted when Spain controlled Naples and much of its criminal element was transported (or deported) there. Author David Leon Chandler, in his book "The Criminal Brotherhoods," suggests that the Camorra were an offshoot of The Garduna. This, then, he asserts, means that it is the parent Brotherhood society to Sicilian Cosa Nostra, Camorra, 'Ndranghets, Sacra Corona Unita, American Cosa Nostra and even, The Unione Corse. A Calabrian folk song suggests a much larger legacy. It tells the story of three Garduña "brothers" or three Spanish knights who fled Spain in the 17th century after washing with blood the honour of their seduced sister. They were shipwrecked on the island of Favignana, near Sicily. Osso, devoted to Saint George, stayed in Sicily and founded the Mafia or Cosa Nostra; Mastrosso, protected by Saint Michael, made his way to Calabria and founded the 'Ndrangheta; and Carcagnosso, a devotee of the Virgin Mary, made his way to Naples and founded the Camorra. Additionally, the circumstances surrounding the original shipwreck seem to suggest their main occupations as pirates, and alludes to a connection with pirates throughout the Spanish Empire, including the Americas. Similar traditions are told of three Buddhist monks founding the Chinese Triads. (en)
  • La Garduña fue supuestamente una sociedad secreta criminal o grupo de crimen organizado que habría operado en España desde mediados del siglo XV hasta el siglo XIX. Sin embargo, las fuentes que hablan de ella son muy discutidas y la misma existencia de esta sociedad es cuestionada por varios historiadores modernos, dado que solamente se cuenta con testimonios literarios. (es)
  • La Garduña est une supposée société secrète criminelle qui aurait opéré en Espagne et dans ses colonies du milieu du XVe au XIXe siècle. Cependant, les sources la concernant sont très discutées et l'existence même de la société est remise en question par nombre d'historiens contemporains. (fr)
  • La Garduna (in spagnolo Garduña) è il nome dato a una presunta società segreta di natura criminale che avrebbe operato in Spagna e nelle sue colonie americane dalla metà del XV secolo fino al XIX secolo.. (it)
  • De Garduna is een crimineel genootschap dat sterke overeenkomsten vertoont met organisaties zoals de Camorra, 'Ndrangheta en de Maffia. (nl)
  • Garduña är ett troligtvis fiktivt hemligt och kriminellt brödraskap från Spanien. Enligt traditionen grundades det i Toledo år 1417 men det har även beskrivits som en kristen gerillaorganisation med rötterna i saracenernas intåg i Spanien under den islamiska expansionen på 700-talet e.Kr. Dessutom finns beskrivningar hur tre ledare för Garduna kom till Italien på 1500-talet och grundade de tre italienska maffiaorganisationerna Cosa Nostra, Camorran och 'Ndranghetan i syditalien när Spanien dominerade Kungariket Sicilien under 1500-talet. Två spanska historiker, Leon Arsenal och Hipólito Sanchiz, menar att alla källor om brödraskapet stammar från en bok från 1850: Misterios de la inquisición española y otras sociedades secretas de España, ungefär Spanska inkivisitionen och andra hemliga sällskap i Spanien och deras mysterier. (sv)
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  • La Garduña va ser suposadament una societat secreta criminal o grup de crim organitzat que hauria operat a Espanya des de mitjans del segle xv fins al segle xix. No obstant això, les fonts que en parlen són molt discutides i la mateixa existència d'aquesta societat és qüestionada per diversos historiadors moderns, atès que només es compta amb testimonis literaris. (ca)
  • Garduña ist der Name einer möglicherweise erst später erfundenen geheimen kriminellen Organisation in Spanien während des späten Mittelalters. Wenn es sie tatsächlich gab, soll die Garduña vor allem in, aber auch außerhalb von Gefängnissen aktiv gewesen sein. Sie erzielte ihre Einkünfte durch Raub, Geiselnahmen, Brandstiftung und Auftragsmorde. Sie soll 1417 gegründet worden sein und sich 1420 in Toledo eigene Statuten gegeben haben. (de)
  • La Garduña fue supuestamente una sociedad secreta criminal o grupo de crimen organizado que habría operado en España desde mediados del siglo XV hasta el siglo XIX. Sin embargo, las fuentes que hablan de ella son muy discutidas y la misma existencia de esta sociedad es cuestionada por varios historiadores modernos, dado que solamente se cuenta con testimonios literarios. (es)
  • La Garduña est une supposée société secrète criminelle qui aurait opéré en Espagne et dans ses colonies du milieu du XVe au XIXe siècle. Cependant, les sources la concernant sont très discutées et l'existence même de la société est remise en question par nombre d'historiens contemporains. (fr)
  • La Garduna (in spagnolo Garduña) è il nome dato a una presunta società segreta di natura criminale che avrebbe operato in Spagna e nelle sue colonie americane dalla metà del XV secolo fino al XIX secolo.. (it)
  • De Garduna is een crimineel genootschap dat sterke overeenkomsten vertoont met organisaties zoals de Camorra, 'Ndrangheta en de Maffia. (nl)
  • The Garduña is a mythical organized, secret criminal society said to have been founded in Spain in the late Middle Ages. It was said to have been a prison gang that grew into a more organized entity over time, involved with robbery, kidnapping, arson, and murder-for-hire. Its statutes were said to have been approved in Toledo in 1420 after being founded around 1417. (en)
  • Garduña är ett troligtvis fiktivt hemligt och kriminellt brödraskap från Spanien. Enligt traditionen grundades det i Toledo år 1417 men det har även beskrivits som en kristen gerillaorganisation med rötterna i saracenernas intåg i Spanien under den islamiska expansionen på 700-talet e.Kr. Dessutom finns beskrivningar hur tre ledare för Garduna kom till Italien på 1500-talet och grundade de tre italienska maffiaorganisationerna Cosa Nostra, Camorran och 'Ndranghetan i syditalien när Spanien dominerade Kungariket Sicilien under 1500-talet. (sv)
rdfs:label
  • La Garduña (ca)
  • Garduña (de)
  • La Garduña (sociedad secreta) (es)
  • Garduña (fr)
  • Garduña (en)
  • Garduna (it)
  • Garduna (nl)
  • Garduña (sv)
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