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- The French Penal Code of 1791 was a penal code adopted during the French Revolution by the Constituent Assembly, between 25 September and 6 October 1791. It was France's first penal code, and was influenced by the Enlightenment thinking of Montesquieu and Cesare Beccaria. The principle of legality was foremost in the underlying philosophy of the 1791 Code. In the spirit of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria summarized the principles that were to be the foundation of the procedural system. In his words, "every citizen should know what punishment he should endure." As a consequence, the function of the judge was conceived as being strictly distributive: qualification of an act, infliction of the pre-set sanction. This concept was revolutionary in 1791 and clearly departed from the arbitrary trials of the ancien régime. The Code of 1791 was straightforward in this respect; most definitions were clear, leaving little room to the interpretation of the judge. This principle was reincorporated in the Napoleonic Penal Code of 1810, which replaced this Code. The Code did not enforce Catholic morality; there were, for example, no prohibitions against sodomy (this being the first Western code of law to decriminalize such conduct since Classical Antiquity). Its sponsor, Louis-Michel le Peletier, presented it to the Constituent Assembly saying that it only punished "true crimes", not the artificial offenses condemned by "superstition". (en)
- Le code pénal de 1791 a été le premier code pénal français, adopté pendant la Révolution par l'Assemblée nationale législative, entre le 25 septembre et le 6 octobre 1791. La Constitution de 1791 avait été adoptée le 3 septembre. Inspiré des principes de Beccaria, il a été remplacé en 1810 par le code pénal impérial. L'adoption de ce code a de facto abrogé toutes les ordonnances criminelles et tous les édits royaux antérieurs pris en matière criminelle. (fr)
- Il Code pénal del 1791 è stato il primo codice penale della Francia. Rimase in vigore per soli quattro anni, fino all'emanazione del Code des délits et des peines nel 1795. (it)
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- 4743 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Penal code of France (en)
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- Le code pénal de 1791 a été le premier code pénal français, adopté pendant la Révolution par l'Assemblée nationale législative, entre le 25 septembre et le 6 octobre 1791. La Constitution de 1791 avait été adoptée le 3 septembre. Inspiré des principes de Beccaria, il a été remplacé en 1810 par le code pénal impérial. L'adoption de ce code a de facto abrogé toutes les ordonnances criminelles et tous les édits royaux antérieurs pris en matière criminelle. (fr)
- Il Code pénal del 1791 è stato il primo codice penale della Francia. Rimase in vigore per soli quattro anni, fino all'emanazione del Code des délits et des peines nel 1795. (it)
- The French Penal Code of 1791 was a penal code adopted during the French Revolution by the Constituent Assembly, between 25 September and 6 October 1791. It was France's first penal code, and was influenced by the Enlightenment thinking of Montesquieu and Cesare Beccaria. (en)
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- Code pénal de 1791 (fr)
- French Penal Code of 1791 (en)
- Codice penale francese del 1791 (it)
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