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- The empathising–systemising (E–S) theory is a theory on the psychological basis of autism and male–female neurological differences originally put forward by English clinical psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen. It classifies individuals based on abilities in empathic thinking (E) and systematic thinking (S). It measures skills using an Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemising Quotient (SQ) and attempts to explain the social and communication symptoms in autism spectrum disorders as deficits and delays in empathy combined with intact or superior systemising. According to Baron-Cohen, the E–S theory has been tested using the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemising Quotient (SQ), developed by him and colleagues, and generates five different 'brain types' depending on the presence or absence of discrepancies between their scores on E or S. E–S profiles show that the profile E>S is more common in females than in males, and the profile S>E is more common in males than in females. Baron-Cohen and associates say the E–S theory is a better predictor than gender of who chooses STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). The E–S theory has been extended into the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism and Asperger syndrome, which are associated in the E–S theory with below-average empathy and average or above-average systemising. Baron-Cohen's studies and theory have been questioned on multiple grounds. The overrepresentation of engineers could depend on a socioeconomic status rather than E-S differences, and there have been some null findings regarding representation of autism in the IT industry. (en)
- La théorie empathisation-systématisation (ES), développée par Simon Baron-Cohen et collègues, cherche à classer les personnes en fonction de leurs compétences dans deux registres : l'empathie et la systématisation. Ce modèle mesure ces compétences en utilisant les Quotients d'empathie (QE) et de systématisation (QS), et vise à expliquer les difficultés de communication et de sociabilité dans les troubles du spectre autistique par des déficits et des retards dans l'empathie combinés avec une faculté de systématisation intacte ou supérieure à la moyenne. (fr)
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- La théorie empathisation-systématisation (ES), développée par Simon Baron-Cohen et collègues, cherche à classer les personnes en fonction de leurs compétences dans deux registres : l'empathie et la systématisation. Ce modèle mesure ces compétences en utilisant les Quotients d'empathie (QE) et de systématisation (QS), et vise à expliquer les difficultés de communication et de sociabilité dans les troubles du spectre autistique par des déficits et des retards dans l'empathie combinés avec une faculté de systématisation intacte ou supérieure à la moyenne. (fr)
- The empathising–systemising (E–S) theory is a theory on the psychological basis of autism and male–female neurological differences originally put forward by English clinical psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen. It classifies individuals based on abilities in empathic thinking (E) and systematic thinking (S). It measures skills using an Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemising Quotient (SQ) and attempts to explain the social and communication symptoms in autism spectrum disorders as deficits and delays in empathy combined with intact or superior systemising. (en)
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- Empathising–systemising theory (en)
- Théorie empathisation-systémisation (fr)
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