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- Dugu Xin (Chinese: 獨孤信; 503 – 24 April 557), Xianbei name Qimitou (期彌頭), known as Dugu Ruyuan (獨孤如願) before 540, was a prominent general and official during the chaotic Northern and Southern dynasties period of imperial China. In 534, Dugu Xin followed Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei to the west to join the warlord Yuwen Tai, and in the ensuing years led Western Wei forces against their nemesis, the Eastern Wei. Despite an early debacle (after which he fled to and stayed for 3 years in the southern Liang dynasty before returning to the northwest), he captured the former Northern Wei capital Luoyang from Eastern Wei in 537. He rose to high ranks under Yuwen Tai, and his eldest daughter married Yuwen Tai's son Yuwen Yu. When the Northern Zhou dynasty replaced Western Wei, Dugu Xin was created Duke of Wei (衛國公), but was soon forced to commit suicide by the powerful regent Yuwen Hu. Dugu Xin was described as an extremely handsome man and was fond of wearing strange clothes. He is best remembered today due to his three daughters: it is because of their marriages that he was a father-in-law to two emperors from two Chinese dynasties (Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou and Emperor Wen of Sui), and maternal grandfather to two emperors from two dynasties (Emperor Yang of Sui and Emperor Gaozu of Tang), all after his death. In fact, every Chinese emperor for 3 centuries (from 604 to 907, with the exception of Wu Zetian and self-proclaimed rebels) was descended from him. During the Sui dynasty, Dugu Xin was honored as Duke Jing of Zhao (趙景公) by Emperor Wen (who married his seventh daughter Dugu Qieluo). In 583, the empress built a temple dedicated to his memory in the capital Daxingcheng, the remains of which were discovered in 1997 on the campus of Xi'an Jiaotong University. (en)
- 独孤 信（どっこ しん、502年 - 557年）は、中国の西魏の匈奴系軍人。武川鎮軍閥の重鎮で、娘たちはこの軍閥から出て関隴集団系拓跋国家を樹立した宇文氏（北周）、楊氏（隋）、李氏（唐）のいずれにも嫁いでいる。本名は如願。字は期弥頭。本貫は雲中郡。 (ja)
- 独孤信（503年－557年），本名如愿，鲜卑名期弥头，云中（今山西大同市）人，是一個匈奴裔鮮卑人，其先出自匈奴，西魏八柱国之一。官拜大司马，进封卫国公。因試圖反對宇文护，被宇文护所擒，賜死。独孤信是北周明帝宇文毓和隋文帝杨坚的岳父，也是隋炀帝杨广和唐高祖李渊的外祖父。 (zh)
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- 6096 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Epitaph of Dugu Xin. (en)
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- (en)
- Lady Cui (en)
- Lady Guo (en)
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- 独孤 信（どっこ しん、502年 - 557年）は、中国の西魏の匈奴系軍人。武川鎮軍閥の重鎮で、娘たちはこの軍閥から出て関隴集団系拓跋国家を樹立した宇文氏（北周）、楊氏（隋）、李氏（唐）のいずれにも嫁いでいる。本名は如願。字は期弥頭。本貫は雲中郡。 (ja)
- 独孤信（503年－557年），本名如愿，鲜卑名期弥头，云中（今山西大同市）人，是一個匈奴裔鮮卑人，其先出自匈奴，西魏八柱国之一。官拜大司马，进封卫国公。因試圖反對宇文护，被宇文护所擒，賜死。独孤信是北周明帝宇文毓和隋文帝杨坚的岳父，也是隋炀帝杨广和唐高祖李渊的外祖父。 (zh)
- Dugu Xin (Chinese: 獨孤信; 503 – 24 April 557), Xianbei name Qimitou (期彌頭), known as Dugu Ruyuan (獨孤如願) before 540, was a prominent general and official during the chaotic Northern and Southern dynasties period of imperial China. In 534, Dugu Xin followed Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei to the west to join the warlord Yuwen Tai, and in the ensuing years led Western Wei forces against their nemesis, the Eastern Wei. Despite an early debacle (after which he fled to and stayed for 3 years in the southern Liang dynasty before returning to the northwest), he captured the former Northern Wei capital Luoyang from Eastern Wei in 537. He rose to high ranks under Yuwen Tai, and his eldest daughter married Yuwen Tai's son Yuwen Yu. When the Northern Zhou dynasty replaced Western Wei, Dugu Xin was created (en)
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- Dugu Xin (en)
- 独孤信 (ja)
- 独孤信 (zh)
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