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- Debeto kaj kredito (germane: Soll und Haben, 1855) estas romano en ses volumoj de Gustav Freytag. Ĝi estis unu el la plej populara kaj vaste legataj germanaj romanoj de la 19-a jarcento. (eo)
- Debit and Credit (German: Soll und Haben, 1855) is a novel in six volumes by Gustav Freytag. It was one of the most popular and widely read German novels of the 19th century. It was translated into English as Debit and Credit by Georgiana Malcolm née Harcourt in 1857. The novel concerns a Polish uprising against German colonization in Prussian Poland, where German settlers are seen as displacing the ethnically Slavic Polish inhabitants. Freytag unequivocally endorses this displacement, espousing ardent Anti-Polish sentiment and German racial superiority, stating that "there is an old warfare between [Germans] and the Slavonic tribes; and [Germans] feel with pride that culture, industry, and credit are [their] side. Whatever the Polish proprietors around [them] may now be—and there are many rich and intelligent men among them—every dollar that [these proprietors] can spend, they have made, directly or indirectly, by German intelligence. Their wild flocks are improved by [German] breeds; [who] erect the machinery that fills their spirit-casks." The novel, a Zeitroman or "social novel", deals with interactions among broad segments of German society during the 19th century. The classes represented are the mercantile or bourgeois class, the nobility, and the Jews:
* The bourgeois Schröter family represents Freytag's view of the ideal bourgeois type, invested in order, honesty, and solid virtue.
* The noble Rothsattel family represents the old nobility, who try to preserve their privileges in a changing society. Their struggle to avoid their impending financial ruin portrays this dynamic.
* The Jewish Ehrenthal family are money-lenders and speculators. Veitel Itzig is a criminal employee of the family. In 1977, the novel came close to being filmed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, but after a debate about its alleged anti-semitic content this project was abandoned. (en)
- Soll und Haben ist ein 1855 erschienener Roman in sechs Büchern von Gustav Freytag (1816–1895). Er gehörte bis in die frühen Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts zu den Bestsellern und ist ein Beispiel des deutschsprachigen Bürgerlichen Realismus. Franz Mehring bezeichnet den Roman als den meistgelesenen des 19. Jahrhunderts. (de)
- Soll und Haben (pol. Winien i ma) – niemiecka powieść autorstwa Gustava Freytaga z 1855 r. (pl)
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- Debeto kaj kredito (germane: Soll und Haben, 1855) estas romano en ses volumoj de Gustav Freytag. Ĝi estis unu el la plej populara kaj vaste legataj germanaj romanoj de la 19-a jarcento. (eo)
- Soll und Haben ist ein 1855 erschienener Roman in sechs Büchern von Gustav Freytag (1816–1895). Er gehörte bis in die frühen Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts zu den Bestsellern und ist ein Beispiel des deutschsprachigen Bürgerlichen Realismus. Franz Mehring bezeichnet den Roman als den meistgelesenen des 19. Jahrhunderts. (de)
- Soll und Haben (pol. Winien i ma) – niemiecka powieść autorstwa Gustava Freytaga z 1855 r. (pl)
- Debit and Credit (German: Soll und Haben, 1855) is a novel in six volumes by Gustav Freytag. It was one of the most popular and widely read German novels of the 19th century. It was translated into English as Debit and Credit by Georgiana Malcolm née Harcourt in 1857. The novel, a Zeitroman or "social novel", deals with interactions among broad segments of German society during the 19th century. The classes represented are the mercantile or bourgeois class, the nobility, and the Jews: (en)
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- Debit and Credit (en)
- Soll und Haben (Roman) (de)
- Debeto kaj kredito (eo)
- Soll und Haben (pl)
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