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- In quantum mechanics, counterfactual definiteness (CFD) is the ability to speak "meaningfully" of the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed (i.e., the ability to assume the existence of objects, and properties of objects, even when they have not been measured). The term "counterfactual definiteness" is used in discussions of physics calculations, especially those related to the phenomenon called quantum entanglement and those related to the Bell inequalities. In such discussions "meaningfully" means the ability to treat these unmeasured results on an equal footing with measured results in statistical calculations. It is this (sometimes assumed but unstated) aspect of counterfactual definiteness that is of direct relevance to physics and mathematical models of physical systems and not philosophical concerns regarding the meaning of unmeasured results. "Counterfactual" may appear in physics discussions as a noun. What is meant in this context is "a value that could have been measured but, for one reason or another, was not." (en)
- 在量子力学中，反事实确定性（英語：counterfactual definiteness，简称CFD）是指“有意义地”谈论尚未进行的测量的结果的确定性的能力（即假设物体的存在和物体的属性的能力，即使它们尚未被测量）。术语“反事实确定性”被用于物理计算的讨论，尤其是与量子纠缠现象以及贝尔不等式相关的讨论。在此类讨论中，“有意义地”意味着能够在统计计算中将这些未测量的结果与已测量的结果同等对待。反事实确定性是与物理系统的物理和数学模型直接相关的一个（有时是假设但未说明的）方面，而不是关于未测量结果的含义的哲学问题。 “反事实”可能作为名词出现在物理讨论中。在这种情况下的意思是“一个可以被测量但因故没有被测量的值”。 (zh)
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- 在量子力学中，反事实确定性（英語：counterfactual definiteness，简称CFD）是指“有意义地”谈论尚未进行的测量的结果的确定性的能力（即假设物体的存在和物体的属性的能力，即使它们尚未被测量）。术语“反事实确定性”被用于物理计算的讨论，尤其是与量子纠缠现象以及贝尔不等式相关的讨论。在此类讨论中，“有意义地”意味着能够在统计计算中将这些未测量的结果与已测量的结果同等对待。反事实确定性是与物理系统的物理和数学模型直接相关的一个（有时是假设但未说明的）方面，而不是关于未测量结果的含义的哲学问题。 “反事实”可能作为名词出现在物理讨论中。在这种情况下的意思是“一个可以被测量但因故没有被测量的值”。 (zh)
- In quantum mechanics, counterfactual definiteness (CFD) is the ability to speak "meaningfully" of the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed (i.e., the ability to assume the existence of objects, and properties of objects, even when they have not been measured). The term "counterfactual definiteness" is used in discussions of physics calculations, especially those related to the phenomenon called quantum entanglement and those related to the Bell inequalities. In such discussions "meaningfully" means the ability to treat these unmeasured results on an equal footing with measured results in statistical calculations. It is this (sometimes assumed but unstated) aspect of counterfactual definiteness that is of direct relevance to physics and mathematical model (en)
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- Counterfactual definiteness (en)
- 反事实确定性 (zh)
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