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- Copper columns of Ma Yuan (Vietnamese: Cột đồng Mã Viện) were a pair of copper columns erected by General Ma Yuan of Han China after his suppression of the Trung sisters' rebellion in 43 AD. The columns stood at southern frontier of Tượng Lâm (Xianglin) to mark the boundary of Chinese territory against the barbarians. Ma prayed to the heaven: "if the columns break, Jiaozhi will be destroyed." (銅柱折交趾滅) The location of the column is unknown, with various explanations given for its disappearance. One popular story is that locals developed a superstitious habit of placing rocks to support the column as they passed and that, over time, this pile grew so large that it completely covered the columns. Another is that they threw the rocks from hatred. Later rationalist Chinese and Vietnamese scholars opined that it had probably simply fallen into the sea in the course of an earthquake or change of shoreline. In 1272, Kublai sent his emissary to Vietnam to search for the columns. Trần Thánh Tông replied they had disappeared for a long time and were hard to find. The emissary had to give up. (en)
- 馬援銅柱（ばえんどうちゅう、ベトナム語: Cột đồng Mã Viện）は、西暦43年に、馬援が、ハイ・バ・チュンの反乱（徴姉妹の反乱）を平定した後に、交趾郡（後のベトナム北部）に設立したとされる銅柱。 (ja)
- 馬援銅柱（越南語：Cột đồng Mã Viện）指的是公元43年馬援平定嶺南之後，在交趾設立的銅柱。 馬援銅柱的記載始見於晉代的《》。公元43年，馬援平定了二徵夫人的叛亂，追擊其餘黨至居封縣。都羊投降，馬援豎立了兩個銅柱，以標示漢朝國界的最南端。 相傳馬援为防止交趾人再次反叛並摧毀銅柱，在豎立銅柱的時候，對天祈禱：「銅柱折，交趾滅。」此後的交趾人害怕銅柱折斷，便在其下填埋石塊，久而久之便形成了兩座丘陵。 根據《隋書》的記載，劉方征討林邑國的時候，曾率軍經過馬援銅柱。唐元和年間，安南都護馬總新豎立銅柱兩個。 在越南脫離南漢獨立之後，馬援銅柱從史書記載中逐漸消失。1272年蒙越戰爭休戰之際，元世祖曾派人到越南，尋找馬援銅柱的位置；但陳聖宗派人答覆稱：銅柱歲久湮沒，不知在何處，無法找回。此事最終不了了之。 馬援銅柱現已不存，北魏酈道元所著的《水經注》稱其在象林縣的南部，而黎崱的《安南志略》則稱在欽州古洞上，《大越史記全書》沿用了欽州古洞說。《欽定越史通鑑綱目》則稱其在富安省境內。 但阮朝高春育編纂的《》中記載，富安省境內根本沒有銅柱的遺跡，因此他認為馬援豎立銅柱不是史實。而越南歷史學家陶維英則認為位於今日乂安省的城山（núi Thành）。 (zh)
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- 馬援銅柱（ばえんどうちゅう、ベトナム語: Cột đồng Mã Viện）は、西暦43年に、馬援が、ハイ・バ・チュンの反乱（徴姉妹の反乱）を平定した後に、交趾郡（後のベトナム北部）に設立したとされる銅柱。 (ja)
- 馬援銅柱（越南語：Cột đồng Mã Viện）指的是公元43年馬援平定嶺南之後，在交趾設立的銅柱。 馬援銅柱的記載始見於晉代的《》。公元43年，馬援平定了二徵夫人的叛亂，追擊其餘黨至居封縣。都羊投降，馬援豎立了兩個銅柱，以標示漢朝國界的最南端。 相傳馬援为防止交趾人再次反叛並摧毀銅柱，在豎立銅柱的時候，對天祈禱：「銅柱折，交趾滅。」此後的交趾人害怕銅柱折斷，便在其下填埋石塊，久而久之便形成了兩座丘陵。 根據《隋書》的記載，劉方征討林邑國的時候，曾率軍經過馬援銅柱。唐元和年間，安南都護馬總新豎立銅柱兩個。 在越南脫離南漢獨立之後，馬援銅柱從史書記載中逐漸消失。1272年蒙越戰爭休戰之際，元世祖曾派人到越南，尋找馬援銅柱的位置；但陳聖宗派人答覆稱：銅柱歲久湮沒，不知在何處，無法找回。此事最終不了了之。 馬援銅柱現已不存，北魏酈道元所著的《水經注》稱其在象林縣的南部，而黎崱的《安南志略》則稱在欽州古洞上，《大越史記全書》沿用了欽州古洞說。《欽定越史通鑑綱目》則稱其在富安省境內。 但阮朝高春育編纂的《》中記載，富安省境內根本沒有銅柱的遺跡，因此他認為馬援豎立銅柱不是史實。而越南歷史學家陶維英則認為位於今日乂安省的城山（núi Thành）。 (zh)
- Copper columns of Ma Yuan (Vietnamese: Cột đồng Mã Viện) were a pair of copper columns erected by General Ma Yuan of Han China after his suppression of the Trung sisters' rebellion in 43 AD. The columns stood at southern frontier of Tượng Lâm (Xianglin) to mark the boundary of Chinese territory against the barbarians. Ma prayed to the heaven: "if the columns break, Jiaozhi will be destroyed." (銅柱折交趾滅) The location of the column is unknown, with various explanations given for its disappearance. One popular story is that locals developed a superstitious habit of placing rocks to support the column as they passed and that, over time, this pile grew so large that it completely covered the columns. Another is that they threw the rocks from hatred. Later rationalist Chinese and Vietnamese schola (en)
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- Copper columns of Ma Yuan (en)
- 馬援銅柱 (ja)
- 馬援銅柱 (zh)
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