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- كريستوفر فريمان (بالإنجليزية: Christopher Freeman) (و. 1921 – 2010 م) هو اقتصادي، وأستاذ جامعي بريطاني، توفي عن عمر يناهز 89 عاماً. (ar)
- Christopher Freeman (* 11. September 1921; † 16. August 2010) war ein britischer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und einer der wichtigsten zeitgenössischen Theoretiker der Kondratjew-Zyklen. Er war Professor für Wissenschaftspolitik an der University of Sussex und der Gründungsdirektor des dortigen Technologie- und Innovationszentrums SPRU (Science Policy Research Unit), dessen Neubau nach ihm benannt ist. 1987 erhielt er den John Desmond Bernal Prize der Society for Social Studies of Science. (de)
- Christopher Freeman (11 September 1921 – 16 August 2010) a British economist, recognised as one of the founders of the post-war school of Innovation Studies. He played a lead role in the development of the neo-Schumpeterian tradition focusing on the crucial role of innovation for economic development and of scientific and technological activities for well-being. Freeman was the founder and first Director, from 1966 to 1982, of SPRU, the Science Policy Research Unit of the University of Sussex, England, and RM Phillips Professor of Science Policy and later Professor Emeritus of at the University of Sussex. In 1986, on his formal retirement, he became visiting professor at the Aalborg University in Denmark and professorial fellow at the now Maastricht University in the Netherlands. With various colleagues, Freeman made pioneering contributions to Innovation Studies in a number of respects. As consultant for the OECD, he was responsible for the development of 'The Frascati Manual', the first program designed to collect and standardize the statistics on R&D which resulted in the development of now commonly-used science and technology indicators at OECD. He helped to shape a tradition of research into firm-based innovation during the early 1970s and was a prominent participant in the discussion around the influential Club of Rome's Limits to Growth Report, arguing presciently that the response to environmental degradation required a reformulation of the character of economic growth rather than the elimination of economic growth. With colleagues he played a lead role in recognising the historic significance of the development of microelectronic based technologies. This matured into the development of what has come to be called the Techno-Economic Paradigm theory of long waves, building on Kondratieff long wave theory. In collaboration with Carlota Perez (whom he subsequently married), Luc Soete and Francisco Louçã he made path-breaking contributions to this field. In the early 1990s, together with B.-Å. Lundvall, Freeman developed the concept of National System of Innovation which is widely used to understand the multiple drivers of innovation paths in different countries, regions and sectors. Throughout his career and influenced by John Desmond Bernal, his mentor at the London School of Economics where he studied after demobilisation after World War II, Freeman fused an analysis of the determinants of innovation in contemporary capitalism with an abiding interest in the social shaping and impact of economic growth. As a natural consequence of this, Freeman had a deep commitment to the understanding and promotion of an equitable path of economic growth in the developing world (as seen in the Sussex Manifesto). As a consequence of these significant and wide-ranging contributions, Freeman interacted with and mentored a number of economists and social scientists such as Geoffrey Oldham, Keith Pavitt, Luc Soete, Carlota Perez, B.-Å. Lundvall, Francisco Louçã, Martin Bell, Daniele Archibugi, Giovanni Dosi, Julian Perry Robinson and Jan Fagerberg. His intellectual legacy has extended to almost every continent through SPRU graduates, some of whom have applied his thinking to the role of innovation in development in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Programs that have their origins in his work can be traced at leading public policy institutions such as the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School, where one of his influential African students Calestous Juma played a leading role. (en)
- Christopher Freeman (11 de septiembre de 1921 – 16 de agosto de 2010) fue un economista británico, fundador y primer director de Unidad de Investigación de Políticas Científicas en la Universidad de Sussex, y uno de los más eminentes teóricos modernos de las ondas de Kondratiev y los del ciclo económico. Freeman contribuyó en gran medida a la reactivación de la tradición neo-schumpeteriana. (es)
- Christopher Freeman (11 settembre 1921 – 16 agosto 2010) è stato un economista inglese, fondatore e primo direttore dello (Science and Technology Policy Research) presso la University of Sussex, e uno dei più eminenti teorici dei cicli di Kondratiev, e ha contribuito considerevolmente alla rinascita della tradizione neo-Schumpeteriana. La sua compagna e poi moglie dall'inizio degli anni 1980 fino alla sua morte è stata l'economista venezuelana . (it)
- Christopher Freeman (11 september 1921 - 16 augustus 2010) was een invloedrijk Brits econoom. Hij was hoogleraar economische politiek aan de Universiteit van Sussex en directeur van het door hem gestichte technologie- en innovatiecentrum Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU). Freeman wordt onder andere gezien als een van de belangrijkste hedendaagse theoretici van de Kondratieffgolven (ook: Kondratjevcycli) en innovatiesystemen. Na zijn officiële emeritaat in 1986 was hij enige jaren gastonderzoeker ("Professorial Fellow") aan de Universiteit Maastricht. Voor zijn werk ontving hij talloze prijzen. (nl)
- Кристофер Фримэн (Фриман) (англ. Christopher Freeman; 11 сентября 1921 — 16 августа 2010) — английский экономист; представитель неошумпетерианского направления в экономической науке, один из известнейших исследователей экономических циклов в рамках концепции длинных волн Н. Д. Кондратьева. (ru)
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- Bernal Prize , Schumpeter Prize , Prix International du Futuroscope , World Technology Network Award for Policy , Silver Kondratieff Medal (en)
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- Science Policy and Innovation (en)
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- 1971 (xsd:integer)
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- Margaret Young (en)
- Peggotty Selson (en)
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- كريستوفر فريمان (بالإنجليزية: Christopher Freeman) (و. 1921 – 2010 م) هو اقتصادي، وأستاذ جامعي بريطاني، توفي عن عمر يناهز 89 عاماً. (ar)
- Christopher Freeman (* 11. September 1921; † 16. August 2010) war ein britischer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und einer der wichtigsten zeitgenössischen Theoretiker der Kondratjew-Zyklen. Er war Professor für Wissenschaftspolitik an der University of Sussex und der Gründungsdirektor des dortigen Technologie- und Innovationszentrums SPRU (Science Policy Research Unit), dessen Neubau nach ihm benannt ist. 1987 erhielt er den John Desmond Bernal Prize der Society for Social Studies of Science. (de)
- Christopher Freeman (11 de septiembre de 1921 – 16 de agosto de 2010) fue un economista británico, fundador y primer director de Unidad de Investigación de Políticas Científicas en la Universidad de Sussex, y uno de los más eminentes teóricos modernos de las ondas de Kondratiev y los del ciclo económico. Freeman contribuyó en gran medida a la reactivación de la tradición neo-schumpeteriana. (es)
- Christopher Freeman (11 settembre 1921 – 16 agosto 2010) è stato un economista inglese, fondatore e primo direttore dello (Science and Technology Policy Research) presso la University of Sussex, e uno dei più eminenti teorici dei cicli di Kondratiev, e ha contribuito considerevolmente alla rinascita della tradizione neo-Schumpeteriana. La sua compagna e poi moglie dall'inizio degli anni 1980 fino alla sua morte è stata l'economista venezuelana . (it)
- Кристофер Фримэн (Фриман) (англ. Christopher Freeman; 11 сентября 1921 — 16 августа 2010) — английский экономист; представитель неошумпетерианского направления в экономической науке, один из известнейших исследователей экономических циклов в рамках концепции длинных волн Н. Д. Кондратьева. (ru)
- Christopher Freeman (11 September 1921 – 16 August 2010) a British economist, recognised as one of the founders of the post-war school of Innovation Studies. He played a lead role in the development of the neo-Schumpeterian tradition focusing on the crucial role of innovation for economic development and of scientific and technological activities for well-being. (en)
- Christopher Freeman (11 september 1921 - 16 augustus 2010) was een invloedrijk Brits econoom. Hij was hoogleraar economische politiek aan de Universiteit van Sussex en directeur van het door hem gestichte technologie- en innovatiecentrum Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU). Freeman wordt onder andere gezien als een van de belangrijkste hedendaagse theoretici van de Kondratieffgolven (ook: Kondratjevcycli) en innovatiesystemen. (nl)
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- Christopher Freeman (en)
- كريستوفر فريمان (ar)
- Christopher Freeman (de)
- Christopher Freeman (es)
- Christopher Freeman (it)
- Christopher Freeman (nl)
- Фримэн, Кристофер (ru)
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