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- The Betar Naval Academy was a Jewish naval training school established in Civitavecchia, Italy in 1934 by the Revisionist Zionist movement under the direction of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, with the agreement of Benito Mussolini. The titular head of the Academy was the Italian maritime scientist Nicola Fusco but Betar leader Jeremiah Halpern ran the School and was its driving force. The Academy trained cadets from all over Europe, Palestine and South Africa and produced some of the future commanders of the Israeli Navy. Although the Revisionists were keen to ensure that trainees avoided local Fascist politics the cadets did express public support for Benito Mussolini's regime, as Halpern later detailed in his book History of Hebrew Seamanship. Cadets marched alongside Italian soldiers in support of the Second Italo–Abyssinian War and collected metal scraps for the Italian weapons industry. They "felt as if they were living the true Beitarist life in an atmosphere of heroism, militarism, and nationalistic pride." The Academy closed in 1938. (en)
- La Betar Naval Academy est une école navale juive établie à Civitavecchia en Italie en 1934 par le mouvement sioniste révisionniste sous la direction de Vladimir Jabotinsky, avec l'accord de Benito Mussolini. Son directeur fut Nicola Fusco puis Jeremiah Halpern. Elle ferme en 1938. L’école reçoit un bateau, le Sarah-I, qui se rend en 1937, à Haïfa et participe avec les Italiens à la seconde guerre italo-éthiopienne, en 1935-1936. (fr)
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- La Betar Naval Academy est une école navale juive établie à Civitavecchia en Italie en 1934 par le mouvement sioniste révisionniste sous la direction de Vladimir Jabotinsky, avec l'accord de Benito Mussolini. Son directeur fut Nicola Fusco puis Jeremiah Halpern. Elle ferme en 1938. L’école reçoit un bateau, le Sarah-I, qui se rend en 1937, à Haïfa et participe avec les Italiens à la seconde guerre italo-éthiopienne, en 1935-1936. (fr)
- The Betar Naval Academy was a Jewish naval training school established in Civitavecchia, Italy in 1934 by the Revisionist Zionist movement under the direction of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, with the agreement of Benito Mussolini. The titular head of the Academy was the Italian maritime scientist Nicola Fusco but Betar leader Jeremiah Halpern ran the School and was its driving force. The Academy trained cadets from all over Europe, Palestine and South Africa and produced some of the future commanders of the Israeli Navy. The Academy closed in 1938. (en)
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- Betar Naval Academy (en)
- Betar Naval Academy (fr)
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