| p:abstract
| - Argyroxiphium is a small genus of five species in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Its members are known by the common name of silversword or greensword due to their long, narrow leaves and the silvery hairs on some species. It belongs to a larger radiation of over 50 species, including the physically different genera Dubautia and Wilkesia. This grouping is often referred to as the silversword alliance. These perennials are endemic to Hawaii, occurring only on the islands of Maui and Hawaii in an extremely localized distribution. They are primarily found above 1500 m elevation in alpine deserts or bogs, indicating an adaptation to low-nutrient soils. The Kaʻū or Mauna Loa silversword is the most adaptable: it can be found in rocky lava flows, bogs, and open forest. They consist of rosette-forming epigeal shrubs or dwarf shrubs. They may consist of a single large rosette, a short-branched rosette, or spreading with runners . The flower heads consist of a ring of pistillate ray florets around 30 to 600 disk florets. The corolla varies in color from purplish to wine red or yellow, while the anthers are dark. A rosette will grow from 5-20 years before flowering, after which it dies. For those with a single rosette, this means the death of the plant . Because they require cross pollination by insects, many plants must flower at the same time in relatively close proximity or they will fail to set seed. A significant population must exist for enough to flower each year for pollination to occur. Despite appearances, they are very closely related to the genus Dubautia. Although some Dubautia are radically different from silverswords, those found in wet forest and alpine desert clearly grade into the form of silverswords. Hybrids between Argyroxiphium sandwicense and Dubautia menziesii are common in Haleakalā Crater. Although the two species are quite distinct, the hybrids span the entire range of variation between them. Silverswords and greenswords are highly sensitive to disturbance. Their shallow root systems are easily crushed in the boggy soil or loose volcanic cinders they grow in. The succulent leaves are eaten by goats in the dry summits, and pigs frequently disturb the fragile bog vegetation. All species are highly restricted in range, and even those that are protected are vulnerable to catastrophic events. The East Maui greensword is apparently extinct, but in 1989 plants were discovered that appear to be hybrids between it and the Haleakalā silversword. The Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa silverswords both have small populations, but are being cultivated and outplanted in protected areas. The largest population of Mauna Loa silverswords is in Kahuku, which was recently acquired by Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. (en)
- Argyroxiphium es un pequeño género de cinco especies de plantas de flores perteneciente a la familia . Sus miembros son conocidos por el nombre común de "espadas plateadas" debido a sus largas y estrechas hojas plateadas. Pertenecen a una agrupación de 50 especies, incluidos en diferentes géneros Dubautia y Wilkesia. Esta planta es endémica de Hawaii, creciendo solamente en la isla de Maui y Hawaii con una localizada distribución. Se encuentran principalmente a 1500 m de altura en desiertos alpinos, indicando su adaptación a suelos poco nutrientes. La (A. kauense) es la mas adaptable, se pueden encontran en roquedales de lava y en bosques abiertos. Consiste en una roseta que forma un arbusto o varios. Puede ser una simple gran roseta o una roseta pequeña. La cabeza de flores consiste en un anillo de pistilos con 30 a 600 discos florales. La corola varia como el color del vino, rojo o amarillo, mientras que las anteras son oscuras. Una roseta puede estar creciendo 5-20 años, después florece y muere. Para las que solo tienen una roseta, significa la muerte de la planta. La planta requiere polinización cruzada, por lo que debe florecer también alguna planta en las cercanías para que pueda germinar. (es)
- Argyroxiphium é um género botânico pertencente à família Asteraceae. (pt)
- Das Silberschwert (Argyroxiphium sandwicense) gehört zur der Familie der Korbblütengewächse . Diese Art kommt nur am Puʻu Kukui, dem höchsten Berg Westmauis sowie am Haleakalā-Krater in Höhenlagen zwischen 2100 und 3100 Metern vor. Wer keine Wanderung in den Krater unternimmt, kann auch am Gipfelparkplatz des Haleakalā ein Silberschwert betrachten. Das Silberschwert ist vom Aussterben bedroht. (de)
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
