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The architecture of Scotland in the Roman era includes all building within the modern borders of Scotland, from the arrival of the Romans in northern Britain in the first century BCE, until their departure in the fifth century CE. Ptolemy indicated that there were 19 "towns" in Caledonia, north of the Roman province of Britannia, but no clear evidence of urban settlements has been found and these were probably hillforts. There is evidence of over 1,000 such forts, most south of the Clyde-Forth line, but the majority seem to have been abandoned in the Roman period. There is also evidence of distinctive stone wheelhouses and small underground souterrains.

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  • The architecture of Scotland in the Roman era includes all building within the modern borders of Scotland, from the arrival of the Romans in northern Britain in the first century BCE, until their departure in the fifth century CE. Ptolemy indicated that there were 19 "towns" in Caledonia, north of the Roman province of Britannia, but no clear evidence of urban settlements has been found and these were probably hillforts. There is evidence of over 1,000 such forts, most south of the Clyde-Forth line, but the majority seem to have been abandoned in the Roman period. There is also evidence of distinctive stone wheelhouses and small underground souterrains. From about 71 CE the Romans began military expeditions into what is now Scotland, building forts, like that at Trimontium, and probably pushing north as far as the River Tay where they created more fortifications, like those at Inchtuthil. These were soon abandoned, and the Romans settled for the occupation of the Southern Uplands by the end of the first century, south of a line drawn between the Tyne and Solway Firth. This resulted in more fortifications and the building of Hadrian's Wall across what is now northern England. Around 141 CE they moved up to construct a new limes, a sward-covered wall made of turf known as the Antonine Wall, the largest Roman structure in modern Scotland. They soon retreated to Hadrian's Wall, with occasional expeditions that involved the building and reoccupation of forts, until the collapse of Roman power in the early fifth century. (en)
  • L' architecture de l'Écosse à l'époque romaine comprend tous les bâtiments à l'intérieur des frontières modernes de l'Écosse, depuis l'arrivée des Romains dans le nord de la Grande-Bretagne au premier siècle avant notre ère jusqu'à leur départ au cinquième siècle. Bien que Ptolémée ait indiqué qu'il y avait 19 "villes" à Caledonia, au nord de la province romaine de Britannia, aucune preuve claire de peuplements urbains n'a été trouvée et il s'agissait probablement de forts de collines. Il existe des preuves de plus de 1 000 de ces forts, la plupart en dessous de la ligne Clyde - Forth, mais la majorité semble avoir été abandonnée à l'époque romaine. Il existe également des preuves de maisons rondes à bas-côtés (appelées aussi wheelhouse) en pierre distinctes et de petits souterrains. À partir d'environ 71 ap. JC, les Romains ont commencé des expéditions militaires dans ce qui est maintenant l'Écosse, construisant des forts, comme celui de Trimontium, et poussant probablement vers le nord jusqu'à la rivière Tay où ils ont créé plus de fortifications, comme celles d' Inchtuthil . Celles-ci ont été rapidement abandonnées et les Romains se sont installés pour l'occupation des hautes terres du Sud à la fin du premier siècle, sous une ligne tracée entre la Tyne et Solway Firth . Cela a entraîné plus de fortifications et la construction du mur d'Hadrien à travers ce qui est maintenant le nord de l'Angleterre. Autour de 141 ap. JC, ils se sont déplacés pour construire un nouveau limes au nord : un mur (aujourd'hui recouvert de gazon) connu sous le mur d'Antonin, la plus grande structure romaine en Ecosse moderne. Ils se sont rapidement retirés vers le mur d'Hadrien situé plus au sud, avec des expéditions occasionnelles vers le nord, impliquant la construction et la réoccupation de forts, jusqu'à l'effondrement du pouvoir romain au début du Ve siècle. (fr)
  • A arquitetura da Escócia na era romana inclui todos os edifícios dentro das fronteiras modernas da Escócia, desde a chegada dos romanos no norte da Grã-Bretanha no primeiro século a.C., até sua partida no século V. Embora Ptolomeu tenha indicado que havia 19 "cidades" na Caledônia, ao norte da província romana da Britânia, não foi encontrada nenhuma evidência clara de assentamentos urbanos e estes eram provavelmente castros. Há evidências de mais de 1000 desses fortes, a maioria abaixo da linha Clyde-Forth, mas a maioria parece ter sido abandonada no período romano. Há também evidências de casas de pedra distintivas e pequenos sulcos subterrâneos. A partir de cerca de 71 d.C, os romanos começaram expedições militares no que é hoje a Escócia, construindo fortes, como os em Trimontium, e provavelmente empurrando para o norte até o rio Tay, onde criaram mais fortificações, como as em Inchtuthil. Estas foram logo abandonadas e os romanos se estabeleceram para a ocupação das terras altas do sul no final do primeiro século, abaixo de uma linha traçada entre o Tyne e o Solway Firth. Isso resultou em mais fortificações e na construção da Muralha de Adriano através do que hoje é o norte da Inglaterra. Por volta de 141 d.C. eles subiram para construir um novo limes, uma parede coberta de relva conhecida como a Muralha Antonina, a maior estrutura romana da Escócia moderna. Eles logo se retiraram para a Muralha de Adriano, com expedições ocasionais que envolveram a construção e reocupação de fortes, até o colapso do poder romano no início do século V. (pt)
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  • The architecture of Scotland in the Roman era includes all building within the modern borders of Scotland, from the arrival of the Romans in northern Britain in the first century BCE, until their departure in the fifth century CE. Ptolemy indicated that there were 19 "towns" in Caledonia, north of the Roman province of Britannia, but no clear evidence of urban settlements has been found and these were probably hillforts. There is evidence of over 1,000 such forts, most south of the Clyde-Forth line, but the majority seem to have been abandoned in the Roman period. There is also evidence of distinctive stone wheelhouses and small underground souterrains. (en)
  • L' architecture de l'Écosse à l'époque romaine comprend tous les bâtiments à l'intérieur des frontières modernes de l'Écosse, depuis l'arrivée des Romains dans le nord de la Grande-Bretagne au premier siècle avant notre ère jusqu'à leur départ au cinquième siècle. Bien que Ptolémée ait indiqué qu'il y avait 19 "villes" à Caledonia, au nord de la province romaine de Britannia, aucune preuve claire de peuplements urbains n'a été trouvée et il s'agissait probablement de forts de collines. Il existe des preuves de plus de 1 000 de ces forts, la plupart en dessous de la ligne Clyde - Forth, mais la majorité semble avoir été abandonnée à l'époque romaine. Il existe également des preuves de maisons rondes à bas-côtés (appelées aussi wheelhouse) en pierre distinctes et de petits souterrains. (fr)
  • A arquitetura da Escócia na era romana inclui todos os edifícios dentro das fronteiras modernas da Escócia, desde a chegada dos romanos no norte da Grã-Bretanha no primeiro século a.C., até sua partida no século V. Embora Ptolomeu tenha indicado que havia 19 "cidades" na Caledônia, ao norte da província romana da Britânia, não foi encontrada nenhuma evidência clara de assentamentos urbanos e estes eram provavelmente castros. Há evidências de mais de 1000 desses fortes, a maioria abaixo da linha Clyde-Forth, mas a maioria parece ter sido abandonada no período romano. Há também evidências de casas de pedra distintivas e pequenos sulcos subterrâneos. (pt)
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  • Architecture of Scotland in the Roman era (en)
  • Architecture de l'Écosse à l'époque romaine (fr)
  • Arquitetura da Escócia no período romano (pt)
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