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- In philosophical logic, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language, the problem of absolute generality is the problem of referring to absolutely everything. Historically, philosophers have assumed that some of their statements are absolutely general, referring to truly everything. In recent years, logicians working in the logic of quantification and paradox have challenged this view, arguing that it is impossible for the logical quantifiers to range over an absolutely unrestricted domain. Philosophers who deny the possibility of absolutely unrestricted quantification (often called generality relativists) argue that attempting to speak absolutely generally generates paradoxes such as Russell's or Grelling's, that absolute generality leads to indeterminacy due to the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem, or that absolute generality fails because the notion of "object" is relative. Philosophers who believe that we can indeed quantify over absolutely everything (known as generality absolutists), such as Timothy Williamson, may respond by noting that it is difficult to see how a skeptic of absolute generality can frame this view without invoking the concept of absolute generality. A 2006 book, Absolute Generality, published by Oxford University Press, contains essays on the subject written by both the leading proponents and opponents of absolutely unrestricted quantification. (en)
- 在哲学逻辑、形而上学以及语言哲学当中，绝对普遍性的問題（英語：problem of absolute generality）是當句子指涉绝对一切事物時，會遇到的问题。在历史上，哲学家们有時认为自己的一些陈述是绝对普遍的，真正是指一切。近年来，研究量化与悖论的逻辑学家，陆续对这一观点提出了质疑，认为逻辑量词的範圍不可能绝对不受任何限制。 否认绝对无限制量化的哲学家（通常称为普遍性相对论者）认为，或者當一个人试图談論绝对全稱量化的命題時，就会产生罗素悖论与，或者绝对普遍性会因为勒文海姆–斯科伦定理而导致不可判定，或者绝对的普遍性無法成立，因为“对象”的概念是相对的。 相反，一些哲學家（称为普遍性绝对论者）相信，人们确实可以对绝对的一切进行量化，譬如蒂莫西·威廉姆森认为，很难看出那些怀疑绝对普遍性的逻辑学家，如何能够在不援引绝对的普遍性概念的情况下，论述这种观点。 2006年，牛津大学出版社出版《绝对的普遍性》一书，包含了支持與反對绝对无限制量化的学者撰写的該主题的各类文章。 (zh)
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- 在哲学逻辑、形而上学以及语言哲学当中，绝对普遍性的問題（英語：problem of absolute generality）是當句子指涉绝对一切事物時，會遇到的问题。在历史上，哲学家们有時认为自己的一些陈述是绝对普遍的，真正是指一切。近年来，研究量化与悖论的逻辑学家，陆续对这一观点提出了质疑，认为逻辑量词的範圍不可能绝对不受任何限制。 否认绝对无限制量化的哲学家（通常称为普遍性相对论者）认为，或者當一个人试图談論绝对全稱量化的命題時，就会产生罗素悖论与，或者绝对普遍性会因为勒文海姆–斯科伦定理而导致不可判定，或者绝对的普遍性無法成立，因为“对象”的概念是相对的。 相反，一些哲學家（称为普遍性绝对论者）相信，人们确实可以对绝对的一切进行量化，譬如蒂莫西·威廉姆森认为，很难看出那些怀疑绝对普遍性的逻辑学家，如何能够在不援引绝对的普遍性概念的情况下，论述这种观点。 2006年，牛津大学出版社出版《绝对的普遍性》一书，包含了支持與反對绝对无限制量化的学者撰写的該主题的各类文章。 (zh)
- In philosophical logic, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language, the problem of absolute generality is the problem of referring to absolutely everything. Historically, philosophers have assumed that some of their statements are absolutely general, referring to truly everything. In recent years, logicians working in the logic of quantification and paradox have challenged this view, arguing that it is impossible for the logical quantifiers to range over an absolutely unrestricted domain. (en)
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- Absolute generality (en)
- 绝对的普遍性 (zh)
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