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- The 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption was a major undersea volcanic eruption that was produced by the previously little-known Havre Seamount near the L'Esperance and L'Havre Rocks in the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand. The large volume of low density pumice produced by the eruption accumulated as a large area of floating pumice, a pumice raft, that was originally covering a surface of 400 square kilometres (150 square miles), spread to a continuous float of between 19,000 and 26,000 square kilometres (7,500 and 10,000 sq mi) and within three months dispersed to an area of more than twice the size of New Zealand. The thickness of the raft may initially have been as high as 3.5 metres (11 feet) and was reduced to around 0.5 metres (1 foot 8 inches) within a month. Three months after the eruption, the mass had dispersed into very dilute rafts and ribbons of floating pumice clasts. Most pumice clasts became waterlogged and sank to the sea floor, while some flocks have stranded in the Tonga islands, on the northern shores of New Zealand, and eventually on the eastern coast of Australia one year after the eruption. While the eruption is officially rated as a VEI 1 by the Smithsonian Institution, studies have found that approximately 1.5 cubic kilometres of material erupted, which correlates to a VEI 5 eruption. (en)
- L'éruption aux îles Kermadec de 2012 fut une éruption majeure d'un volcan sous-marin ayant eu lieu sur un îlot, auparavant peu connu, dénommé Havre Seamount, situé près de l'Île de l'Espérance , dans l'archipel des îles Kermadec, au large de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Le très grand volume de pierre ponce de très faible densité produit par l'éruption s'accumula sur une large surface, produisant un radeau de pierre ponce flottant, « qui fut estimé de façon variable allant d'une surface de 7 500 à 10 000 km2 ». (fr)
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- NASA image of Havre Seamount eruption and initial formation of pumice raft (en)
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- L'éruption aux îles Kermadec de 2012 fut une éruption majeure d'un volcan sous-marin ayant eu lieu sur un îlot, auparavant peu connu, dénommé Havre Seamount, situé près de l'Île de l'Espérance , dans l'archipel des îles Kermadec, au large de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Le très grand volume de pierre ponce de très faible densité produit par l'éruption s'accumula sur une large surface, produisant un radeau de pierre ponce flottant, « qui fut estimé de façon variable allant d'une surface de 7 500 à 10 000 km2 ». (fr)
- The 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption was a major undersea volcanic eruption that was produced by the previously little-known Havre Seamount near the L'Esperance and L'Havre Rocks in the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand. The large volume of low density pumice produced by the eruption accumulated as a large area of floating pumice, a pumice raft, that was originally covering a surface of 400 square kilometres (150 square miles), spread to a continuous float of between 19,000 and 26,000 square kilometres (7,500 and 10,000 sq mi) and within three months dispersed to an area of more than twice the size of New Zealand. (en)
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- 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption (en)
- Éruption aux îles Kermadec de 2012 (fr)
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