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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:1987–1989_JVP_insurrection
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Insurreição de 1987–1989 no Sri Lanka 1987–1989 JVP insurrection انتفاضة جي في بي 1987-1989
rdfs:comment
كانت انتفاضة جي في بّي 1987-1989 (تعرف أيضًا باسم ثورة 1988-1989 أو متاعب جي في بّي) عبارة عن ثورة مسلحة بقيادة حركة جاناثا فيموكثي بيرامونا (جبهة تحرير الشعب) الماركسية ضد حكومة سيريلانكا، التي كانت بقيادة الرئيس جي. آر. جيوردين. فشلت الانتفاضة، مثلما فشل التمرد الذي سبقها وحدث في عام 1971. كانت الانتفاضة عبارة عن صراع منخفض الحدة دام منذ أبريل، 1987 حتى ديسمبر، 1989. لجأت حركة جي في بّي إلى التخريب والاغتيالات والغارات والهجمات على الأهداف المدنية والعسكرية، في الحين الذي ردت فيه حكومة سيريلانكا من خلال عمليات مكافحة التمرد لقمع الانتفاضة. A insurreição de 1987–1989 no Sri Lanka (também conhecida como Segunda Revolta do JVP) foi a segunda insurreição armada mal sucedida conduzida pelo Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) contra o governo do Sri Lanka sob o presidente J. R. Jayewardene. Diferentemente da primeira insurreição do JVP de 1971, a segunda insurreição não foi uma revolta aberta, mas um conflito de baixa intensidade que durou de 1987 a 1989 com o JVP recorrendo a subversões, assassinatos, incursões e ataques a alvos militares e civis. The 1987–1989 JVP insurrection, also known as the 1988–1989 revolt or the JVP troubles, was an armed revolt in Sri Lanka, led by the Marxist–Leninist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, against the Government of Sri Lanka. The 1987–1989 insurrection, like the 1971 JVP insurrection, was unsuccessful. The main phase of the insurrection was a low-intensity conflict that lasted from April 1987 to December 1989. The insurgents led by the JVP resorted to subversion, assassinations, raids, and attacks on military and civilian targets while the Sri Lankan government reacted through counter-insurgency operations to suppress the revolt.
rdfs:seeAlso
dbr:Attack_on_the_Pallekele_detachment dbr:Sooriyakanda_mass_grave dbr:Assassination_of_Daya_Pathirana
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1987–1989 JVP insurrection
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dbp:units
Sri Lanka Civil Defence Force * Special Task Force Central Cell Keenie Meenie Services Indian Peace Keeping Force South-Western cell Sri Lankan Police North-Eastern cell
dbp:caption
Clockwise, from top left: A militia of the DJV, graffiti on the wall of a post office reading "let's kill J. R.", a bus that was burnt by the DJV, a security guard in front of the BOC vandalized by the DJV
dbp:casualties
SLCDF: 98 killed 0001-07-25 Total killed: 60,000–80,000 250 Disappeared: 20,000+ 6700 300 5000
dbp:combatant
Pro-government paramilitaries: Supported by: People's Revolutionary Red Army Black Cats Iraq Arms suppliers: Anti-JVP leftist militias: ---- Multiple Tamil militant organizations Vikalpa Kandayama Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna * Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya ** Patriotic People's Armed Troops ...and others Eagles of the Central Hills Special training:
dbp:commander
Rohana Wijeweera Gen. Cecil Waidyaratne Premakumar Gunaratnam Somawansa Amarasinghe Shantha Bandara Ranjan Wijeratne Upatissa Gamanayake Keerthi Vijayabahu Ranjitham Gunarathnam Ranasinghe Premadasa V. P. Singh J.R Jayawardene Col. Janaka Perera Lalith Wijerathna Rajiv Gandhi
dbp:conflict
1987
dbp:date
dbp:imageSize
300
dbp:partof
the Cold War and Sri Lankan Civil War
dbp:place
dbr:Sri_Lanka
dbp:result
Sri Lankan Government victory * Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces lifted * Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
dbp:strength
40000 6000 2000 8000
dbo:abstract
كانت انتفاضة جي في بّي 1987-1989 (تعرف أيضًا باسم ثورة 1988-1989 أو متاعب جي في بّي) عبارة عن ثورة مسلحة بقيادة حركة جاناثا فيموكثي بيرامونا (جبهة تحرير الشعب) الماركسية ضد حكومة سيريلانكا، التي كانت بقيادة الرئيس جي. آر. جيوردين. فشلت الانتفاضة، مثلما فشل التمرد الذي سبقها وحدث في عام 1971. كانت الانتفاضة عبارة عن صراع منخفض الحدة دام منذ أبريل، 1987 حتى ديسمبر، 1989. لجأت حركة جي في بّي إلى التخريب والاغتيالات والغارات والهجمات على الأهداف المدنية والعسكرية، في الحين الذي ردت فيه حكومة سيريلانكا من خلال عمليات مكافحة التمرد لقمع الانتفاضة. قاد الفرع العسكري لحركة جي في بّي حرب العصابات التابعة للانتفاضة، وهو حركة ديشابريمي جاناتا فياباريا (أو حركة الشعب الوطنية). بلغت الانتفاضة ذروتها في عام 1988 وأثرت على جميع المدنيين السريلانكيين بما في ذلك أولئك الذين لا مصالح سياسية لهم في الوضع. بدأ هجوم العصابات الموالية للحكومة على المدنيين بعد إعادة انتخاب الرئيس راناسينغ بريماداسا. سرعان ما بدأت فترة من عمليات القتل الجماعي الحكومية بعد إيقاف إطلاق النار في الحرب الأهلية السيرلنكية وطرد قوات حفظ السلام الهندية، مما أدى إلى موت العديد من المدنيين السريلانكيين والعديد من المغتربين الهنود. حصلت حركة جي في بّي على دعم من عدوها سابقًا، حزب الحرية السريلانكي(إس إل إف بّي). مع ذلك، انهار هذا التحالف بعد مشاركة حزب الحرية السريلانكي في الانتخابات الإقليمية التي قاطعتها حركة جي في بّي وحركة نمور تحرير التاميل-إيلام (إل تي تي إي) علنًا. رفعت الحكومة الحظر عن كلا الحزبين في عام 1987 على أمل مشاركتهما في الانتخابات، لكن هذه المحاولة باءت بالفشل في نهاية المطاف. شهدت الدولة على مدى عامين حالة قتالية كبيرة للشباب والعمال، والإعدام الجماعي، والاغتصاب والنزاعات. تسببت الميليشيات المناهضة لحركة جي في بّي بأعمال عنف، بما في ذلك الجيش الأحمر الشعبي اليساري (بّي آر آر إيه). في عام 1989، أطلقت قوات سريلانكا المسلحة العملية المشتركة. رغم مقتل الثائر روهانا ويجاييرا، لم تنتهي الانتفاضة فعليًا. تصاعد العنف عندما تولى القيادة كيرثي فيجاياباهو زعيم دي جي في. نفذ أعضاء دي جي في عمليات في ترينكومالي، المحتلة من قبل حركة نمور تحرير تاميل-إيلام، ضد قوات سريلانكا المسلحة، التي كانت تحاول الحفاظ على السلام داخل الحركة. أعطى مقاتلو تاميل الأسلحة لحركة دي جي في كي تتمكن من العمل كجبهة «ثانية» ضد حكومة سريلانكا. تخلت العديد من المجموعات الصغيرة المناهضة للحكومة عن الكفاح المسلح، لكن المجموعات التي تشكل التهديد الأكبر استمرت، واستمرت حركة دي جي في بتنفيذ العمليات كمجموعة مسلحة حتى ديسمبر، 1989. قال رانجان ويجيراتنا، الذي لعب دورًا رئيسيًا في العملية المشتركة، إنه مستعد لشن عملية مكافحة تمرد مماثلة ضد حركة نمور تحرير تامل. اغتيل في عام 1991. كان ذلك بداية المرحلة الثانية من الصراع بين سريلانكا ونمور تحرير تاميل-إيلام، المعروفة باسم حرب إيلام الثانية. The 1987–1989 JVP insurrection, also known as the 1988–1989 revolt or the JVP troubles, was an armed revolt in Sri Lanka, led by the Marxist–Leninist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, against the Government of Sri Lanka. The 1987–1989 insurrection, like the 1971 JVP insurrection, was unsuccessful. The main phase of the insurrection was a low-intensity conflict that lasted from April 1987 to December 1989. The insurgents led by the JVP resorted to subversion, assassinations, raids, and attacks on military and civilian targets while the Sri Lankan government reacted through counter-insurgency operations to suppress the revolt. Guerrilla forces of the insurrection were led by the military branch of the JVP, the Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya. The insurgency reached its peak in 1988 and impacted all Sri Lankan civilians, including those without any political stake in the situation. Attacks on civilians by pro-government guerrillas began after the re-election of president Ranasinghe Premadasa. A period of government mass killings soon began following the ceasefire of the Sri Lankan Civil War and the expulsion of the Indian Peace Keeping Force, resulting in the death of many Sri Lankan civilians and multiple Indian expatriates. JVP received support from its one-time enemy, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP). However, this alliance broke down following the SLFP's participation in the provincial elections which the JVP and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) openly boycotted. The government lifted the ban on both parties in 1987, hoping that they would participate in the elections, but this attempt ultimately failed. For over two years, the state saw mass militancy of youth and workers, mass execution, rape, and feuds. Anti-JVP militias also caused violence, including the leftist People's Revolutionary Red Army (PRRA). In 1989, Sri Lanka Armed Forces launched Operation Combine (Ops Combine). While the revolutionary Rohana Wijeweera was killed, the insurgency never truly ended. The violence escalated when the DJV leader Keerthi Vijayabahu took over. DJV members also operated in LTTE-occupied areas of Trincomalee against the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and the IPKF. DJV was supported by Tamil militants so that it could also operate as a front against the Indian forces. Many smaller anti-government groups gave up the armed struggle, but largest threats persisted, with the DJV continuing to operate as an armed group until December 1989. Ranjan Wijerathna, who played a major role in the Ops Combine, said he was ready to launch a similar counterinsurgency against the Tamil Tigers. He was assassinated in 1991. This marked the beginning of the second phase of the Sri Lanka-LTTE conflict, known as the Second Eelam War. A insurreição de 1987–1989 no Sri Lanka (também conhecida como Segunda Revolta do JVP) foi a segunda insurreição armada mal sucedida conduzida pelo Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) contra o governo do Sri Lanka sob o presidente J. R. Jayewardene. Diferentemente da primeira insurreição do JVP de 1971, a segunda insurreição não foi uma revolta aberta, mas um conflito de baixa intensidade que durou de 1987 a 1989 com o JVP recorrendo a subversões, assassinatos, incursões e ataques a alvos militares e civis. A derrota do levante de 1971 e a morte de companheiros levaram a uma nova revolta, dezesseis anos depois, em 1987. A situação havia mudado, o Sri Lanka estava em caos pela guerra civil e, quando houve a assinatura de um acordo de paz e a chegada da Força de Manutenção de Paz Indiana, o JVP habilmente explorou as falhas do governo e os sentimentos nacionalistas generalizados de grande parte do povo cingalês. O JVP começou a cometer atos terroristas para desestabilizar tanto o Estado quanto a sociedade civil. As forças do governo capturariam e matariam e seu sucessor em novembro de 1989 em Colombo. e, no início de 1990, haviam matado ou aprisionado o restante dos membros do JVP. Embora o governo tenha obtido uma vitória militar decisiva, houve acusações confiáveis de brutalidade e métodos extrajudiciais.
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77205
dbo:causalties
250+ killed in direct combat, multiple installments attacked 300+ killed in direct combat, multiple heavy infantry vehicles destroyed mostly in landmine blasts 14 Jawans killed by the DJV, 1 heavy infantry vehicle destroyed 6,700 killed by insurgents SLCDF: 98 killed
dbo:combatant
Vikalpa Kandayama ...and others MultipleTamil militant organizations Arms suppliers: People's Revolutionary Red Army **Patriotic People's Armed Troops Pro-government paramilitaries: Special training: Black Cats *Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya ---- Supported by: Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna Eagles of the Central Hills Iraq Anti-JVP leftist militias:
dbo:result
* Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces lifted * Insurgency declined following the fall of theEastern bloc Sri Lankan Governmentvictory
dbo:strength
2,000 members 40,000 8,000 supporters 40,000 (1989) 6,000
dbo:commander
dbr:Shantha_Bandara dbr:General_(military) dbr:Lalith_Wijerathna dbr:Ranasinghe_Premadasa dbr:Rajiv_Gandhi dbr:Premakumar_Gunaratnam dbr:Colonel dbr:Ranjan_Wijeratne dbr:Upatissa_Gamanayake dbr:Saman_Piyasiri_Fernando dbr:Rohana_Wijeweera dbr:Somawansa_Amarasinghe dbr:V._P._Singh dbr:J.R_Jayawardene
dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict
dbr:Cold_War dbr:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
wikipedia-en:1987–1989_JVP_insurrection