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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Seabed_Arms_Control_Treaty
rdf:type
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rdfs:label
核兵器および他の大量破壊兵器の海底における設置の禁止に関する条約 Układ o zakazie umieszczania broni jądrowej i innych rodzajów broni masowej zagłady na dnie mórz i oceanów Traité de désarmement sur le fond des mers et des océans Meeresboden-Vertrag 禁止在海床洋底及其底土安置核武器和其他大规模毁灭性武器条约 Договор по морскому дну Seabed Arms Control Treaty Tratado sobre a Proibição da Colocação de Armas Nucleares e Outras Armas de Destruição em Massa no Leito do Mar e no Fundo do Oceano
rdfs:comment
Der Meeresboden-Vertrag (Vertrag über das Verbot der Anbringung von Kernwaffen und anderen Massenvernichtungswaffen auf dem Meeresboden und im Meeresuntergrund) ist ein völkerrechtliches Übereinkommen zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten, der Sowjetunion, Großbritannien und 84 weiteren Staaten, das die Anbringung von Massenvernichtungswaffen oder von Einrichtungen, die der Lagerung, Erprobung oder Verwendung dieser Waffen dienen, auf dem Meeresboden oder im Meeresuntergrund jenseits des Küstenmeers untersagt. Der Vertrag sieht zudem ein Kontrollrecht der Mitgliedstaaten hinsichtlich aller Aktivitäten eines anderen Mitgliedstaats auf dem Meeresboden auch außerhalb des Küstenmeers vor. The Seabed Arms Control Treaty (or Seabed Treaty, formally the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof) is a multilateral agreement between the United States, Soviet Union (now Russia), United Kingdom, and 91 other countries banning the emplacement of nuclear weapons or "weapons of mass destruction" on the ocean floor beyond a 12-mile (22.2 km) coastal zone. It allows signatories to observe all seabed "activities" of any other signatory beyond the 12-mile zone to ensure compliance. Układ o zakazie umieszczania broni jądrowej i innych rodzajów broni masowej zagłady na dnie mórz i oceanów oraz w jego podłożu (Traktat o dnie morza ) (ang. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof w skrócie Seabed Arms Control Treaty, ros. Договор о запрещении размещения на дне морей и океанов и в его недрах ядерного оружия и других видов оружия массового уничтожения w skrócie Договор по морскому дну), podpisany w Moskwie, Waszyngtonie i Londynie 11 lutego 1971 r. Cel: Le traité de désarmement sur le fond des mers et des océans vise à créer une zone exempte d'armes nucléaires dans les fonds marins. Son nom officiel est Traité interdisant de placer des armes nucléaires et d'autres armes de destruction massive sur le fond des mers et des océans ainsi que dans leur sous-sol. Il est signé à Londres, Moscou et Washington, le 11 février 1971 par les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, et l'URSS et entre en vigueur le 18 mai 1972. 核兵器および他の大量破壊兵器の海底における設置の禁止に関する条約（かくへいきおよびほかのたいりょうはかいへいきのかいていにおけるせっちのきんしにかんするじょうやく、英語: Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof、海底核兵器禁止条約、海底非核化条約とも）は、海底に核兵器やその他の大量破壊兵器の設置を禁止した条約。 Договор о запрещении размещения на дне морей и океанов и в его недрах ядерного оружия и других видов оружия массового уничтожения (англ. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof), также известный как Договор по морскому дну (англ. Seabed Treaty) или Договор о контроле оружия на морском дне (англ. Seabed Arms Control Treaty) — многостороннее соглашение, заключённое между США, СССР, Великобританией и ещё 91 страной о запрете размещения ядерного оружия или оружия массового поражения на дне океана за пределами 22 км (12 морских миль) от побережья. Страны, подписавшие договор, имеют право вести наблюдение за другими подписавшими договор странами для контроля исполнения дого 《禁止在海床洋底及其底土安置核武器和其他大规模毁灭性武器条约》（英語：Seabed Arms Control Treaty，英语直譯：海底武器控制条约）是由联合国发起的，美国、前苏联、英国等22个国家首先签字承认的，目前已经有84个国家参加的军事条约。条约规定禁止在海岸线12海里以外的公海海底中放置、试验核武器和大规模杀伤性武器，允许签字国监督任何其他签字国在海岸线12海里以外的海底“活动”。条约在1972年5月18日起正式生效。 为了防止产生国际冲突，保证无核化地区不存在核武器，已经签定了三个国际条约：《南极条约》、《外层空间条约》和《拉丁美洲无核化条约》。这个条约是对其他三个条约的扩展和补充。 1960年代，海洋学技术的发展和对海底扩大未开发资源的日益增长的兴趣容易导致国际争端，尤其是对利用洋底作为军事设施使用的场所，包括放置核武器，引起人们的担心。而当时又缺乏清晰的法律和规定。 根据马耳他驻联合国大使帕尔多于1967年8月向联合国秘书长提出的建议，1967年12月18日的联合国大会指定一个特别委员会研究和平利用海底的问题，目标是保证：“对海洋底部的开发和利用必须遵守联合国宪章的原则和目标，要有利于维护国际和平和安全，要造福于全人类”。第二年，这个委员会成为常设委员会。 O Tratado sobre a Proibição da Colocação de Armas Nucleares e Outras Armas de Destruição em Massa no Leito do Mar e no Fundo do Oceano e em seu subsolo é um dispositivo legal internacional, originalmente assinado em 11 de fevereiro de 1971, destinado a evitar a proliferação dos testes nucleares, é um acordo multilateral entre os Estados Unidos, União Soviética (agora Rússia), Reino Unido e 91 outros países iniciado ainda durante a década de 1960. proibindo a colocação de armas nucleares ou "armas de destruição em massa" no fundo do oceano além de uma zona costeira de 12 milhas (22,2 km). Permite que os signatários observem todo o fundo do mar "atividades" de qualquer outro signatário além da zona de 12 milhas para garantir a conformidade.
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Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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94
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84
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Ratifications and signatories of the treaty
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1971-02-11
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English, French, Russian, Spanish and Chinese
dbp:longName
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof
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Seabed Arms Control Treaty
dbp:dateEffective
1972-05-18
dbo:abstract
Договор о запрещении размещения на дне морей и океанов и в его недрах ядерного оружия и других видов оружия массового уничтожения (англ. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof), также известный как Договор по морскому дну (англ. Seabed Treaty) или Договор о контроле оружия на морском дне (англ. Seabed Arms Control Treaty) — многостороннее соглашение, заключённое между США, СССР, Великобританией и ещё 91 страной о запрете размещения ядерного оружия или оружия массового поражения на дне океана за пределами 22 км (12 морских миль) от побережья. Страны, подписавшие договор, имеют право вести наблюдение за другими подписавшими договор странами для контроля исполнения договора. Договор по морскому дну, равно как и договор об Антарктике, договор о космосе и договоры о безъядерных зонах, разработан с целью предотвращения возникновения очередных международных конфликтов и попадания в их зону хоть какого-то ядерного оружия. Der Meeresboden-Vertrag (Vertrag über das Verbot der Anbringung von Kernwaffen und anderen Massenvernichtungswaffen auf dem Meeresboden und im Meeresuntergrund) ist ein völkerrechtliches Übereinkommen zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten, der Sowjetunion, Großbritannien und 84 weiteren Staaten, das die Anbringung von Massenvernichtungswaffen oder von Einrichtungen, die der Lagerung, Erprobung oder Verwendung dieser Waffen dienen, auf dem Meeresboden oder im Meeresuntergrund jenseits des Küstenmeers untersagt. Der Vertrag sieht zudem ein Kontrollrecht der Mitgliedstaaten hinsichtlich aller Aktivitäten eines anderen Mitgliedstaats auf dem Meeresboden auch außerhalb des Küstenmeers vor. Ebenso wie im Antarktisvertrag, im Weltraumvertrag und in den Verträgen über die atomwaffenfreie Zone ist es Ziel des Meeresboden-Vertrages, internationale Konflikte und Atomwaffen von Gebieten fernzuhalten, die dem Wohl der gesamten Menschheit dienen. In den 1960er-Jahren nährten der technische Fortschritt im Bereich der Ozeanographie und das weltweit zunehmende Interesse am Abbau von Bodenschätzen im Bereich der Tiefsee die Befürchtung, dass es zu einem Rüstungswettlauf der Atommächte auf Hoher See kommen könnte. Die Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen errichtete am 18. Dezember 1967 auf Vorschlag des Botschafters von Malta ein Ad-hoc-Komitee mit dem Ziel, Wege zur friedlichen Nutzung des Meeresbodens zu erarbeiten. Im folgenden Jahr wurde das Komitee in ein dauerhaftes umgewandelt. In dieser Zeit wurden seerechtliche Fragen mit militärischen Bezügen vom Eighteen Nation Disarmament Committee (ENDC) und dessen Nachfolgerin, der Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD) bearbeitet. In einer Nachricht an die amerikanische Delegation beim ENDC regte Präsident Nixon eine Vereinbarung zum Verbot der Anbringung von Kernwaffen und anderen Massenvernichtungswaffen auf dem Meeresboden an. Seiner Meinung nach könne nur so „ein Wettrüsten verhindert werden, bevor es überhaupt begonnen hat.“ Der Meeresboden-Vertrag wurde am 11. Februar 1971 in Washington, D.C., London und Moskau zur Unterzeichnung ausgelegt und trat am 18. Mai 1972 in Kraft, nachdem er von mehr als 25 Staaten ratifiziert worden war. O Tratado sobre a Proibição da Colocação de Armas Nucleares e Outras Armas de Destruição em Massa no Leito do Mar e no Fundo do Oceano e em seu subsolo é um dispositivo legal internacional, originalmente assinado em 11 de fevereiro de 1971, destinado a evitar a proliferação dos testes nucleares, é um acordo multilateral entre os Estados Unidos, União Soviética (agora Rússia), Reino Unido e 91 outros países iniciado ainda durante a década de 1960. proibindo a colocação de armas nucleares ou "armas de destruição em massa" no fundo do oceano além de uma zona costeira de 12 milhas (22,2 km). Permite que os signatários observem todo o fundo do mar "atividades" de qualquer outro signatário além da zona de 12 milhas para garantir a conformidade. Como o Tratado da Antártica, o Tratado do Espaço Exterior e os tratados da Zona Livre de Armas Nucleares, o Tratado de Controle de Armas do Fundo do Mar buscou prevenir a introdução de conflitos internacionais e armas nucleares em uma área até então livre deles. Chegar a um acordo sobre o fundo do mar, no entanto, envolveu problemas não encontrados na formulação dos outros dois acordos. 《禁止在海床洋底及其底土安置核武器和其他大规模毁灭性武器条约》（英語：Seabed Arms Control Treaty，英语直譯：海底武器控制条约）是由联合国发起的，美国、前苏联、英国等22个国家首先签字承认的，目前已经有84个国家参加的军事条约。条约规定禁止在海岸线12海里以外的公海海底中放置、试验核武器和大规模杀伤性武器，允许签字国监督任何其他签字国在海岸线12海里以外的海底“活动”。条约在1972年5月18日起正式生效。 为了防止产生国际冲突，保证无核化地区不存在核武器，已经签定了三个国际条约：《南极条约》、《外层空间条约》和《拉丁美洲无核化条约》。这个条约是对其他三个条约的扩展和补充。 1960年代，海洋学技术的发展和对海底扩大未开发资源的日益增长的兴趣容易导致国际争端，尤其是对利用洋底作为军事设施使用的场所，包括放置核武器，引起人们的担心。而当时又缺乏清晰的法律和规定。 根据马耳他驻联合国大使帕尔多于1967年8月向联合国秘书长提出的建议，1967年12月18日的联合国大会指定一个特别委员会研究和平利用海底的问题，目标是保证：“对海洋底部的开发和利用必须遵守联合国宪章的原则和目标，要有利于维护国际和平和安全，要造福于全人类”。第二年，这个委员会成为常设委员会。 1969年美国总统尼克松指示驻18国裁军委员会代表：要寻求一个在禁止海底设置大规模杀伤性武器条约的同时“防止出现军备竞赛”。 1971年2月11日同时在华盛顿、莫斯科和伦敦征集签字国，当时有22个国家提出修订意见并加入条约。1972年5月18日条约正式生效。 此條約簽署前，曾有裝配核彈頭的核子魚雷及核子水雷的運用；但即使該條約生效致使水下核生化武器被限制使用，該條約並未對裝配核彈頭的潛射巡弋飛彈及彈道飛彈做出限制，因為前兩者的目標係針對地面或水面目標攻擊，而非水下目標攻擊。 Le traité de désarmement sur le fond des mers et des océans vise à créer une zone exempte d'armes nucléaires dans les fonds marins. Son nom officiel est Traité interdisant de placer des armes nucléaires et d'autres armes de destruction massive sur le fond des mers et des océans ainsi que dans leur sous-sol. Il est signé à Londres, Moscou et Washington, le 11 février 1971 par les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, et l'URSS et entre en vigueur le 18 mai 1972. 核兵器および他の大量破壊兵器の海底における設置の禁止に関する条約（かくへいきおよびほかのたいりょうはかいへいきのかいていにおけるせっちのきんしにかんするじょうやく、英語: Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof、海底核兵器禁止条約、海底非核化条約とも）は、海底に核兵器やその他の大量破壊兵器の設置を禁止した条約。 The Seabed Arms Control Treaty (or Seabed Treaty, formally the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof) is a multilateral agreement between the United States, Soviet Union (now Russia), United Kingdom, and 91 other countries banning the emplacement of nuclear weapons or "weapons of mass destruction" on the ocean floor beyond a 12-mile (22.2 km) coastal zone. It allows signatories to observe all seabed "activities" of any other signatory beyond the 12-mile zone to ensure compliance. Like the Antarctic Treaty, the Outer Space Treaty, and the Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone treaties, the Seabed Arms Control Treaty sought to prevent the introduction of international conflict and nuclear weapons into an area hitherto free of them. Reaching agreement on the seabed, however, involved problems not met in framing the other two agreements. Układ o zakazie umieszczania broni jądrowej i innych rodzajów broni masowej zagłady na dnie mórz i oceanów oraz w jego podłożu (Traktat o dnie morza ) (ang. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof w skrócie Seabed Arms Control Treaty, ros. Договор о запрещении размещения на дне морей и океанов и в его недрах ядерного оружия и других видов оружия массового уничтожения w skrócie Договор по морскому дну), podpisany w Moskwie, Waszyngtonie i Londynie 11 lutego 1971 r. Uchwalony rezolucją 2660 (XXV) przez Zgromadzenie Ogólne Narodów Zjednoczonych 7 grudnia 1970. Wszedł w życie 18 maja 1972, po złożeniu dokumentów ratyfikacyjnych przez dwadzieścia dwa rządy, w tym przez wszystkich depozytariuszy. Depozytariuszami są trzy państwa założycielskie (art. 10). Tekstami autentycznymi są angielski, rosyjski, francuski, hiszpański i chiński (art. 11). Cel: * rozwój badań i wykorzystania dna dla celów pokojowych * zapobieżenie wyścigowi zbrojeń jądrowych na dnie (wyłączenie) Art. 1 - Państwa Strony Układu zobowiązują się do nieinstalowania i nieumieszczania na dnie mórz i oceanów oraz w jego podłożu, poza zewnętrzną 12-milową granicą morza terytorialnego, jakiejkolwiek broni jądrowej lub innych rodzajów broni masowej zagłady, jak również konstrukcji, wyrzutni oraz wszelkich innych urządzeń, specjalnie przeznaczonych do przechowywania, wypróbowywania lub używania takiej broni. - Zobowiązują się także do niepomagania, niezachęcania i nienakłaniania jakiegokolwiek państwa do prowadzenia zakazanej w Układzie działalności oraz do nieuczestniczenia w jakikolwiek inny sposób w takiej działalności. Polska ratyfikowała Układ 23 września 1971, złożenie do depozytu nastąpiło 15 listopada 1971. Do Układu należą 94 państwa.
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