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Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism Memorie per la storia del giacobinismo مذكرات توضح تاريخ اليعقوبية Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du jacobinisme Paměti ukazující dějiny jakobínství
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Les Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du jacobinisme sont un essai politique contre-révolutionnaire et anti-Lumières en cinq tomes, publié en Allemagne de 1797 à 1799. Il a été écrit à Londres par l'abbé jésuite Augustin Barruel et attaque la Révolution française, la décrivant non comme un évènement spontané mais comme un complot. Paměti ukazující dějiny jakobínství (francouzsky Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du Jacobinisme) je stěžejní dílo Augustina Barruela, jezuitského kněze a polemického katolického publicisty. Poprvé byly vydány ve Francii v letech 1797 až 1799, ve čtyřech svazcích. Dílo líčí Velkou francouzskou revoluci nikoliv jako spontánní povstání lidu, ale jako protikřesťanský komplot tajných společností. Jakobínství je zobrazeno jako výsledek spojení filosofů a svobodných zednářů. Původ myšlenky Velké francouzské revoluce dílo připisuje bavorským iluminátům. مذكرات توضح تاريخ اليعقوبية (بالإنجليزية: Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism)‏ كتاب من تأليف القس اليسوعي الفرنسي أوغسطين بارويل، وقد كتب ونشر في فرنسا خلال الأعوام 1797-1798، وتمت ترجمته إلى اللغة الإنجليزية في العام 1799. Le Memorie per la storia del giacobinismo (in francese Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du jacobinisme) sono un trattato storico-politico scritto dal gesuita francese Augustin Barruel. Furono pubblicate in francese tra il 1797 e il 1798 e tradotte in inglese l'anno seguente. Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism (French: Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire du Jacobinisme) is a book by Abbé Augustin Barruel, a French Jesuit priest. It was written and published in French in 1797–98, and translated into English in 1799.
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Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
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Hudson & Goodwin
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Abbé Augustin Barruel
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Title Page of the First English Edition of Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism, 1799.
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England
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English
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Hudson & Goodwin
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1798
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Robert Clifford
dbo:abstract
Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism (French: Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire du Jacobinisme) is a book by Abbé Augustin Barruel, a French Jesuit priest. It was written and published in French in 1797–98, and translated into English in 1799. In the book, Barruel claims that the French Revolution was the result of a deliberate conspiracy or plot to overthrow the throne, altar and aristocratic society in Europe. The plot was allegedly hatched by a coalition of philosophes, Freemasons, and the Order of the Illuminati. The conspirators created a system that was inherited by the Jacobins who operated it to its greatest potential. The Memoirs purports to expose the Revolution as the culmination of a long history of subversion. Barruel was not the first to make these charges but he was the first to present them in a fully developed historical context and his evidence was on a quite unprecedented scale. Barruel wrote each of the first three volumes of the book as separate discussions of those who contributed to the conspiracy. The fourth volume is an attempt to unite them all in a description of the Jacobins in the French Revolution. Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism is representative of the criticism of the Enlightenment that spread throughout Europe during the Revolutionary period. Barruel's Memoirs are considered to be one of the founding documents of the right-wing interpretation of the French Revolution. They became popular immediately after they were published and were read and commented on by most of the important literary and political journals of the day. The four volumes of the text were published in a number of languages and created a debate about the role of the philosophes, their ideas, and the Enlightenment in the French Revolution. They remained in print well into the 20th century and contributed to the historical interpretation of the late 18th century in France. The success of Barruel's work is testimony to the anti-philosophical discourse that spread in the aftermath of the revolution. Barruel left behind a construction of the Enlightenment that was destined to influence subsequent interpretations. He wound accusations tightly around his foes and tied them into positions from which they could not escape. The text created a link between the Enlightenment and the Revolution and this connection remains a topic of historical debate. Les Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du jacobinisme sont un essai politique contre-révolutionnaire et anti-Lumières en cinq tomes, publié en Allemagne de 1797 à 1799. Il a été écrit à Londres par l'abbé jésuite Augustin Barruel et attaque la Révolution française, la décrivant non comme un évènement spontané mais comme un complot. Paměti ukazující dějiny jakobínství (francouzsky Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du Jacobinisme) je stěžejní dílo Augustina Barruela, jezuitského kněze a polemického katolického publicisty. Poprvé byly vydány ve Francii v letech 1797 až 1799, ve čtyřech svazcích. Dílo líčí Velkou francouzskou revoluci nikoliv jako spontánní povstání lidu, ale jako protikřesťanský komplot tajných společností. Jakobínství je zobrazeno jako výsledek spojení filosofů a svobodných zednářů. Původ myšlenky Velké francouzské revoluce dílo připisuje bavorským iluminátům. Le Memorie per la storia del giacobinismo (in francese Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du jacobinisme) sono un trattato storico-politico scritto dal gesuita francese Augustin Barruel. Furono pubblicate in francese tra il 1797 e il 1798 e tradotte in inglese l'anno seguente. Barruel si prefiggeva lo scopo di dimostrare, tramite un'ampia documentazione fondata su prove inconfutabili, che la rivoluzione francese era stata l'esito di un complotto preparato fin nei più minuti particolari dai Philosophes e dalla massoneria. Il sistema creato dalla massoneria sarebbe stato in seguito ereditato dai giacobini, che lo avrebbero portato alle estreme conseguenze. Le Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du Jacobinisme presentano la Rivoluzione come il culmine di una lunga storia di sovversione. Barruel non fu il primo ad avanzare questa ipotesi, ma fu il primo a basarla su una ricostruzione storica di ampio respiro, corredata da un apparato di prove senza precedenti. I primi tre volumi dell'opera trattano separatamente ciascuno dei vari personaggi che avrebbero contribuito alla cospirazione. Il quarto volume descrive il ruolo dei giacobini nella rivoluzione francese. Le Mémoires sono un importante esempio di quella pubblicistica anti-illuminista che ebbe larga diffusione in Europa durante il periodo rivoluzionario. Le Mémoires sono considerate una pietra miliare dell'interpretazione conservatrice della rivoluzione francese. Fin dalla loro pubblicazione riscossero un enorme successo e furono commentate da tutte le più importanti riviste letterarie e politiche del tempo. I quattro volumi vennero pubblicati in varie lingue e diedero origine ad un dibattito sull'influenza dei Philosophes, delle loro idee e dell'Illuminismo in generale sulla Rivoluzione Francese. Furono ripubblicate fino al XX secolo e contribuirono al dibattito sull'interpretazione storica della fine del settecento francese. Il successo dell'opera di Barruel testimonia dell'ampia diffusione di teorie anti-illuministe subito dopo la Rivoluzione. La ricostruzione di Barruel era destinata ad influenzare tutta la storiografia successiva. Il testo contribuì a stabilire uno stretto legame tra l'Illuminismo e la Rivoluzione, connessione che rimane tutt'oggi argomento di dibattito in sede storiografica. مذكرات توضح تاريخ اليعقوبية (بالإنجليزية: Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism)‏ كتاب من تأليف القس اليسوعي الفرنسي أوغسطين بارويل، وقد كتب ونشر في فرنسا خلال الأعوام 1797-1798، وتمت ترجمته إلى اللغة الإنجليزية في العام 1799. في هذا الكتاب، يدعي بارويل أن الثورة الفرنسية كانت نتيجة مؤامرة متعمدة ومخطط لها تهدف إلى الإطاحة بالعرش والهيكل والمجتمع الاستقراطي في أوروبا. وقد شارك في هذه المؤامرة تحالف ضم فلاسفة وماسونيين قاموا بإنشاء نظام ورثه اليعاقبة الذين أحسنوا بدورهم إدارته لأبعد حد. تهدف المذكرات إلى فضح الثورة باعتبارها تمثل تاريخ طويل من التدمير، ولم يكن بارويل أول من وجه هذه الاتهامات للثورة ولكنه كان أول من قدمها في سياق تاريخي موسع بشكل كامل وبأدلة غير مسبوقة على نطاق واسع. كتب بارويل كل واحد من الثلاث مجلدات الأولى لكتابه بشكل منفصل حول أولئك الذين ساهموا في المؤامرة، وكان المجلد الرابع محاولة لتوحيدها في نقاش واحد حول اليعاقبة في الثورة الفرنسية، وهذه المذكرات هي بمثابة نقد لحركة التنوير الفلسفية التي انتشرت في جميع أنحاء أوروبا خلال فترة الثورة. تعتبر مذكرات بارويل واحدة من الوثائق التي تم العثور عليها وتمثل التفسير اليميني للثورة الفرنسية، وقد ذاعت شهرتها مباشرة بعد نشرها وقراءتها ونقدها من قبل غالبية أهم الصحف الأدبية والسياسية في هذا العصر. نشرت المجلدات الأربعة بعدة لغات وولدت نقاشاً حول دور الفلاسفة وأفكارهم والحركة التنويرية في الثورة الفرنسية، وبقيت قيد الطباعة بشكل جيد حتى القرن العشرين وساهمت في التفسير التاريخي لأواخر القرن الثامن عشر في فرنسا. إنّ نجاح كتاب بارويل يمثل شهادة على الخطاب المناهض للفلسفة التي انتشرت أعقاب الثورة. ترك بارويل وراءه تفسيراً للحركة التنويرية كان مقدراً له أن يؤثر على التفسيرات اللاحقة، حيث طرح الاتهامات بحق خصومه وبينها بالأدلة بشكل لا يمكن التملص منه، وأنشأ كتابه رابطاً بين التنوير والثورة بقيّ موضوعاً للجدل التاريخي.
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