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- The papal conclave of March–April 1605 was convened on the death of Pope Clement VIII and ended with the election of Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici as Pope Leo XI on 1 April 1605. It was the first of two papal conclaves in 1605, with Leo dying on 27 April 1605, twenty-six days after he was elected, and the conclave to elect his successor being held in May. The conclave saw conflict regarding whether Cesare Baronius should be elected pope, and Philip III of Spain, the Spanish king, excluded both Baronius and the eventually successful candidate, Medici. Philip's exclusion of Medici was announced by Cardinal Ávila after his election to the papacy, and the other cardinals did not view it as valid since Medici had already been elected pope. Nicholas II had reserved the right to elect the pope to the cardinal bishops, priests, and deacons of Rome in 1059. The cardinal bishops were the highest rank, being the bishops of the ancient suburbicarian dioceses, the priests ranked next, who served as the titular head of historically important churches in Rome, and last ranked the cardinal deacons, who were nominally assigned one of the ancient diaconia where traditionally deacons had administered the temporal property of the Church of Rome. Cardinals were required to have been ordained at least to the rank of their order within the College of Cardinals, but could also be ordained to a higher order as well. In 1586, Pope Sixtus V mandated that the maximum number of cardinals would be seventy. Of these, the College of Cardinals had sixty-nine total members at the time of Clement VIII's death, but only sixty were present for the first conclave of 1605 when it opened, and sixty-one total electors were present for the election of Leo XI. The electors present had been created by six different popes: Pius IV, Gregory XIII, Sixtus V, Gregory XIV, Innocent IX, and Clement VIII. Of these, Clement's creations were the most numerous, having created thirty-eight of the cardinal electors. Innocent IX had created one of the conclave's electors, Gregory XIV had created five, Sixtus V had created eleven, Gregory XIII had created four, and Pius IV had created one. Pietro Aldobrandini, the cardinal-nephew of Clement VIII, was the elector who controlled the largest number of votes with twenty-two of Clement's thirty-eight creations following his instructions. Alessandro Peretti di Montalto, the nephew of Sixtus V, controlled eight votes. Thirteen of the cardinal electors were loyal to the Spanish monarchy, and these electors and the faction loyal to Montalto were aligned. In addition to these groups, eight of the electors formed a faction that were loyal to the French crown. (en)
- Konklaf Kepausan Maret–April 1605 diadakan pada kematian Paus Klemens VIII dan berakhir dengan pemilihan Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici sebagai Paus Leo XI. Ini adalah konklaf pertama dari dua konklaf kepausan pada tahun 1605, saat Leo sekarat pada 27 April 1605, dua puluh enam hari setelah ia terpilih. Konklaf tersebut menimbulkan konflik tentang apakah Cesare Baronius harus dipilih menjadi Sri Paus, dan Filipus III dari Spanyol, raja Spanyol, mengeksklusikan Baronius dan kemudian kandidat penerusnya, Medici. Eksklusi Filipus terhadap Medici diumumkan oleh Kardinal Ávila setelah ia terpilih pada kepausan, dan kardinal lain tak memandangnya sah sejak Medici terpilih menjadi Sri Paus. Nikolas II meraih hak untuk memilih Sri Paus di kalangan kardinal uskup, imam dan deakon Roma pada 1059. Kardinal uskup merupakan pangkat tertinggi, menjadikannya uskup-uskup keuskupan suburbikaria kuno, para imam berada di pangkat berikutnya, yang menjabat sebagai kepala tituler gereja berpengaruh di Roma, pangkat terakhir adalah kardinal deakon, yang secara nominal ditempatkan pada salah satu diakonia kuno dimana secara tradisional para deakon mengurusi properti temporal Gereja Roma. Para kardinal diharuskan untuk mengangkat setidaknya pangkat ordo mereka dalam Dewan Kardinal, selain juga mengangkat ordo yang lebih tinggi. Paus Sixtus V memandatkan bahwa jumlah maksimum kardinal adalah tujuh puluh pada 1586. Dari jumlah maksimum tujuh puluh tersebut, Dewan Kardinal memiliki jumlah enam puluh sembilan anggota pada waktu kematian Klemens VII, tetapi hanya enam puluh yang hadir pada konklaf pertama 1605. Para pemilih yang hadir diangkat oleh enam Sri Paus berbeda: Pius IV, Gregorius XIII, Sixtus V, Gregorius XIV, Innosensius IX, dan Klemens VIII. Diantara para Sri Paus tersebut, para kardinal yang dilantik oleh Klemes memiliki jumlah terbanyak, yakni tiga puluh delapan kardinal elektor. Innosensius IX mengangkat satu elektor dari konklaf tersebut, Gregorius XIV mengangkat lima, Sixtus V mengangkat sebelas, Gregorius XIII mengangkat empat, dan Pius IV mengangkat satu. Pietro Aldobrandini, kardinal-keponakan Klemens VIII, adalah elektor yang mengkontrol jumlah suara terbesar dengan dua puluh dua dari tiga pulu lima orang yang dilantik Klemens mengikuti instruksinya. Alessandro Peretti di Montalto, keponakan Sixtus V, mengkontrol delapan suara. Tiga belas kardinal elektor berpihak kepada monarki Spanyol, dan para elektor dan faksi yang berpihak kepada Montalto ikut serta. Selain kelompok-kelompok tersebut, delapan elektor membentuk faksi yang setia kepada takhta Prancis. (in)
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- The papal conclave of March–April 1605 was convened on the death of Pope Clement VIII and ended with the election of Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici as Pope Leo XI on 1 April 1605. It was the first of two papal conclaves in 1605, with Leo dying on 27 April 1605, twenty-six days after he was elected, and the conclave to elect his successor being held in May. The conclave saw conflict regarding whether Cesare Baronius should be elected pope, and Philip III of Spain, the Spanish king, excluded both Baronius and the eventually successful candidate, Medici. Philip's exclusion of Medici was announced by Cardinal Ávila after his election to the papacy, and the other cardinals did not view it as valid since Medici had already been elected pope. (en)
- Konklaf Kepausan Maret–April 1605 diadakan pada kematian Paus Klemens VIII dan berakhir dengan pemilihan Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici sebagai Paus Leo XI. Ini adalah konklaf pertama dari dua konklaf kepausan pada tahun 1605, saat Leo sekarat pada 27 April 1605, dua puluh enam hari setelah ia terpilih. Konklaf tersebut menimbulkan konflik tentang apakah Cesare Baronius harus dipilih menjadi Sri Paus, dan Filipus III dari Spanyol, raja Spanyol, mengeksklusikan Baronius dan kemudian kandidat penerusnya, Medici. Eksklusi Filipus terhadap Medici diumumkan oleh Kardinal Ávila setelah ia terpilih pada kepausan, dan kardinal lain tak memandangnya sah sejak Medici terpilih menjadi Sri Paus. (in)
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