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The Ardagh–Johnson Line is the northeastern boundary of Kashmir drawn by surveyor William Johnson and recommended by John Charles Ardagh as the official boundary of India. It abuts China's Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous regions.

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  • The Ardagh–Johnson Line is the northeastern boundary of Kashmir drawn by surveyor William Johnson and recommended by John Charles Ardagh as the official boundary of India. It abuts China's Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous regions. The Ardagh–Johnson Line is one of three boundary lines considered by the British Indian government, the other two being the Macartney–MacDonald Line and a line along the Karakoram range. The British preference among the three choices varied over time based on the perception of their strategic interests in India. The Ardagh–Johnson Line represented the "forward school" that wanted to advance the boundary as forward as possible as a defence against the growing Russian empire. Following the Chinese reluctance to acquiesce to the more conservative Macartney–MacDonald Line, the British eventually reverted to the forward line in the Aksai Chin area, which was then inherited by the independent Republic of India. (en)
  • A Linha Ardagh-Johnson é a fronteira nordeste da Caxemira desenhada pelo agrimensor William Johnson e recomendada por como a fronteira oficial da Índia. Faz fronteira com as regiões autônomas de Xinjiang e Tibete, na China. A Linha Ardagh – Johnson é uma das três linhas de fronteira consideradas pelo governo da Índia Britânica, as outras duas sendo a Linha Macartney–MacDonald e uma linha ao longo da faixa de Karakoram. A preferência britânica entre as três opções variou ao longo do tempo com base na percepção de seus interesses estratégicos na Índia. A Linha Ardagh-Johnson representava a "escola avançada" que queria avançar a fronteira o mais adiante possível como uma defesa contra o crescente império russo. Seguindo a relutância chinesa em concordar com a linha mais conservadora Macartney-MacDonald, os britânicos finalmente reverteriam à linha de frente na área de Aksai Chin, que foi então herdada pela independente República da Índia. (pt)
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  • The Ardagh–Johnson Line is the northeastern boundary of Kashmir drawn by surveyor William Johnson and recommended by John Charles Ardagh as the official boundary of India. It abuts China's Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous regions. (en)
  • A Linha Ardagh-Johnson é a fronteira nordeste da Caxemira desenhada pelo agrimensor William Johnson e recomendada por como a fronteira oficial da Índia. Faz fronteira com as regiões autônomas de Xinjiang e Tibete, na China. (pt)
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  • Ardagh–Johnson Line (en)
  • Linha Ardagh–Johnson (pt)
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