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Svara or swara (Devanagari: स्वर, generally pronounced as swar) is a Sanskrit word that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name, and the successive steps of the octave or saptaka. More comprehensively, it is the ancient Indian concept about the complete dimension of musical pitch. Most of the time a svara is identified as both musical note and tone, but a tone is a precise substitute for sur, related to tunefulness. Traditionally, Indians have just seven svaras/notes with short names, e.g. saa, re/ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni which Indian musicians collectively designate as saptak or saptaka. It is one of the reasons why svara is considered a symbolic expression for the number seven.

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  • Svara (fr)
  • Sargam (nl)
  • Svara (en)
  • Свара (ru)
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  • Svara or swara (Devanagari: स्वर, generally pronounced as swar) is a Sanskrit word that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name, and the successive steps of the octave or saptaka. More comprehensively, it is the ancient Indian concept about the complete dimension of musical pitch. Most of the time a svara is identified as both musical note and tone, but a tone is a precise substitute for sur, related to tunefulness. Traditionally, Indians have just seven svaras/notes with short names, e.g. saa, re/ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni which Indian musicians collectively designate as saptak or saptaka. It is one of the reasons why svara is considered a symbolic expression for the number seven. (en)
  • Свара (хинди स्वर; англ. svara, swara) — санскритское слово, которое обозначает базовые элементы санскрита и индийской классической музыки. В языкознании — звук, тон, ударение. Одна из частей алфавита Деванагари, обозначающая гласный . (ru)
  • Les svara (ou swara) sont les notes de la musique indienne. Elles sont au nombre de sept et couvrent une octave. Leurs noms sont shadjamam, richabham, gandharam, madhyamam, panchamam, dhaivatam et nichadam. Collectivement, ces notes sont connues comme le sargam, le solfège indien. Dans le chant, elles deviennent Sa, Ri (dans la musique carnatique) ou Re (dans la musique hindoustanie), Ga, Ma, Pa, Da (carnatique) ou Dha (hindoustanie), et Ni. (« Sargam » est une abréviation de « Sa-R(i,e)-Ga-M(a) »). À l'écrit, les notes deviennent simplement S, R, G, M, P, D et N. (fr)
  • In algemene zin wordt onder sargam in de Hindoestaanse muziek verstaan: solfège. Het woord is afgeleid van de eerste vier (ofwel swaras) SA RE GA MA. Sargam is een oefening van de verschillende intervallen en toonladders tegen een drone. Het wordt tevens door zangers gebruikt tijdens concerten om melodische gedeelten zonder tekst te kunnen zingen. (nl)
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