This list of freshwater fish recorded in Japan is primarily based on the IUCN Red List, which, for fish found in inland waters, details the conservation status of some two hundred and sixty-one species, seventy-three of them endemic. Of these, one is assessed as extinct in the wild (the endemic Black kokanee), seven as critically endangered (the Sakhalin sturgeon, Chinese sturgeon, Sakhalin taimen, and endemic , Kissing loach, Cave goby, and ), twenty as endangered, twelve as vulnerable, ten as near threatened, one hundred and seventy-nine as of least concern, and thirty-two as data deficient. This total includes species such as the Immaculate puffer, which, according to the IUCN Red List, may be characterized as a "marine species which occurs in estuaries...but is not dependent on these s