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The laws of thought are fundamental axiomatic rules upon which rational discourse itself is often considered to be based. The formulation and clarification of such rules have a long tradition in the history of philosophy and logic. Generally they are taken as laws that guide and underlie everyone's thinking, thoughts, expressions, discussions, etc. However, such classical ideas are often questioned or rejected in more recent developments, such as intuitionistic logic, dialetheism and fuzzy logic.

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rdf:type	Australian rules football player yago:WikicatConceptsInLogic yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:Concept105835747 yago:Content105809192 yago:Idea105833840 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100
rdfs:label	Denkgesetze (de) Αρχές Λογικής (el) Leyes del pensamiento (es) Law of thought (en) Leis do pensamento (pt) 思维规律 (zh)
rdfs:comment	Αρχή Λογικής και επικρατέστερα στον πληθυντικό Αρχές Λογικής, ή Λογικές Αρχές χαρακτηρίζονται οι θεμελιώδεις αρχές βάσει των οποίων βασίζονται και διευθύνονται οι ορθές διανοητικές ενέργειες του ανθρώπου. Οι Αρχές αυτές όπως και τα μαθηματικά αξιώματα δεν χρήζουν αποδείξεων. (el) Há quatro leis do pensamento clássicas reconhecidas na filosofia ocidental, principalmente a partir da filosofia do século XVII e da , e amplamente discutidas na filosofia do século XIX. Na formulação de Leibniz, tais leis ou princípios são: * A lei da não-contradição, * A lei do terceiro excluído, * O princípio de razão suficiente e * O princípio da identidade dos indiscerníveis. (pt) 思維規律（英語：Law of thought），又稱思考規律，是邏輯的公理基礎，由亚里士多德提出。伯特兰·罗素在他的著作《哲学问题》中确立了三个思维规律: * 同一律； * 无矛盾律； * 排中律；一般而言在欧陆理性主义的方法中，它们被明确的假定并且是毋庸质疑的公理。它们都归功于亚里士多德，并遭受了众多非议和分析(分别关于决定论和外延性)。在一定意义上，这标志了在十九世纪特别是(他受到这些公式的巨大影响)之后在逻辑学中发生的事情。这种规律被假定为是基本的，有教育学价值的，而不是挑战于智力。这种态度只在二十世纪早期被放弃过一段时间，这可以在伯特兰·罗素 1911 年的著作中(在那里指出了它们三个)对它们的暗示中看出来。思维规律在德国思想中特别有影响；在法国《》的释义力图驱散它们的神秘性。黑格尔在整理他自己的逻辑学的时候争论了 — 但作为当前的事情而不是一个过时的问题。乔治·布尔在 1854 年关于逻辑学的论文的标题，《思维规律的研究》指示了一个新鲜的起点。这些规律现在是布尔逻辑的一部分；列表的前两个被归结为说明有两个且只有两个真值。第二对在代数层次上被忽略了，而缺席于二阶逻辑。 (zh) Als Denkgesetze wurden in der Geschichte der Philosophie und der philosophischen Logik, vor allem im Psychologismus des 19. Jahrhunderts, logische Regeln, Gesetzmäßigkeiten oder Grundsätze bezeichnet, insofern sie – dies war die psychologistische Sicht – als Naturgesetze des Denkens betrachtet wurden. Zum Verhältnis von Psychologie und Logik hat Gottlob Frege angemerkt: (de) En lógica, las leyes del pensamiento o principios del pensamiento son reglas de inferencia axiomáticas fundamentales que permiten llegar a una consecuencia lógica válida. En lógica clásica, existen 3 principios básicos: Algunos filósofos como Leibniz añaden dos principios más: (es) The laws of thought are fundamental axiomatic rules upon which rational discourse itself is often considered to be based. The formulation and clarification of such rules have a long tradition in the history of philosophy and logic. Generally they are taken as laws that guide and underlie everyone's thinking, thoughts, expressions, discussions, etc. However, such classical ideas are often questioned or rejected in more recent developments, such as intuitionistic logic, dialetheism and fuzzy logic. (en)
dcterms:subject	Classical logic Concepts in logic
Wikipage page ID	1252308 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1120974287 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Classical logic Principia Mathematica Principle Principle of Sufficient Reason Propositional calculus Propositions Psychology Pāṇini Science of Logic Metaphysics (Aristotle) Modal logic Model theory Metalogic On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason Bertrand Russell David Hilbert Deductive reasoning Determinism Antonius Andreas Paul Bernays Indian logic Introspection Intuitionistic logic James R. Newman Prior Analytics Universal quantifier Liar paradox Mathematical logic Negation Epistemology George Boole Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Brahma Sutras Constructive proof Theaetetus (dialogue) Logic Logical conjunction Louis Couturat Macmillan Publishers Madhvacharya Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet Stephen Cole Kleene Identity of indiscernibles Principle of sufficient reason Propositional logic Many-valued logic Thoughts Truth table Vyasa Fuzzy logic Law of continuity Law of excluded middle Law of identity Laws of Form Loeb Classical Library Stobaeus Paraconsistent logic Three-valued logic A priori and a posteriori Alfred North Whitehead Alfred Tarski Ernest Nagel Euclid Europe First-order logic Paracomplete Dialetheism Dichotomy Dictum de omni et nullo Formal ontology John Veitch (poet) Trivialism Logical disjunction Socratic dialogue Reason Gottfried Leibniz

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