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In U.S. constitutional law, a facial challenge is a challenge to a statute in which the plaintiff alleges that the legislation is always unconstitutional, and therefore void. It is contrasted with an as-applied challenge, which alleges that a particular application of a statute is unconstitutional. In First Amendment cases, another type of facial challenge is enunciated in the overbreadth doctrine. If a statute reaches to include substantially protected conduct and speech in relation to the legitimate reach of the statute, then it is overbroad and thus void on its face.

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  • Facial challenge (en)
  • 文面上の訴え (ja)
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  • 文面上の訴え（ぶんめんじょうのうったえ、facial challenge）は、ある法律がアメリカ合衆国憲法上違憲であり、したがって無効であると原告が主張する訴訟。文面上の訴えが成功した場合、裁判所は問題の法律を文面的に無効であると宣言する。これは、その法律を完全に無効化する力がある。 文面上の訴えは少ない頻度でされるべきであると最高裁判所の判事は主張しているにもかかわらず、そのようにはなっていないことを示唆した研究が行われた。 2011年には、医療保険制度改革法の保険義務部分に対して文面上の訴えが行われた。 (ja)
  • In U.S. constitutional law, a facial challenge is a challenge to a statute in which the plaintiff alleges that the legislation is always unconstitutional, and therefore void. It is contrasted with an as-applied challenge, which alleges that a particular application of a statute is unconstitutional. In First Amendment cases, another type of facial challenge is enunciated in the overbreadth doctrine. If a statute reaches to include substantially protected conduct and speech in relation to the legitimate reach of the statute, then it is overbroad and thus void on its face. (en)
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  • In U.S. constitutional law, a facial challenge is a challenge to a statute in which the plaintiff alleges that the legislation is always unconstitutional, and therefore void. It is contrasted with an as-applied challenge, which alleges that a particular application of a statute is unconstitutional. If a facial challenge is successful, a court will declare the statute in question facially invalid, which has the effect of striking it down entirely. This contrasts with a successful as-applied challenge, which will result in a court narrowing the circumstances in which the statute may constitutionally be applied without striking it down. In some cases—e.g., Gonzales v. Carhart or Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, a facial challenge has been rejected with either the court or concurring Justices intimating that the upheld statute might be vulnerable to an as-applied challenge. In First Amendment cases, another type of facial challenge is enunciated in the overbreadth doctrine. If a statute reaches to include substantially protected conduct and speech in relation to the legitimate reach of the statute, then it is overbroad and thus void on its face. (en)
  • 文面上の訴え（ぶんめんじょうのうったえ、facial challenge）は、ある法律がアメリカ合衆国憲法上違憲であり、したがって無効であると原告が主張する訴訟。文面上の訴えが成功した場合、裁判所は問題の法律を文面的に無効であると宣言する。これは、その法律を完全に無効化する力がある。 文面上の訴えは少ない頻度でされるべきであると最高裁判所の判事は主張しているにもかかわらず、そのようにはなっていないことを示唆した研究が行われた。 2011年には、医療保険制度改革法の保険義務部分に対して文面上の訴えが行われた。 (ja)
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