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In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam's divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). Muhammad's revelations were said to have been recorded orally and in writing, through Muhammad and his followers up until his death in 632 CE. These revelations were then compiled by first caliph Abu Bakr and codified during the reign of the third caliph Uthman (r. 644–656 CE) so that the standard codex edition of the Quran or Muṣḥaf was completed around 650 CE, according to Muslim scholars. This has been critiqued by some western scholarship, suggesting the Quran was canonized at a later date, based on the dating of classical Islamic narratives, i.e. hadiths, which were written 150–200 years after the death of Muhammad, and part

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  • المخطوطات القرآنية المبكرة (ar)
  • Early Quranic manuscripts (en)
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  • ظل القرآن الكريم على هذه الحال مفرقًا غير مجموع في مصحف واحد، إلى أن كانت خلافة أبي بكر، فواجهته أحداث جسيمة، وقامت حروب الردة، واستحرّ القتل بالقراء في وقعة اليمامة - سنة اثنتي عشرة للهجرة - التي استشهد فيها سبعون قارئاً من حفاظ القرآن. هالَ ذلك عمر بن الخطاب، وخاف أن يضيع شيء من القرآن بموت حفظته، فدخل على أبي بكر، وأشار عليه بجمع القرآن وكتابته خشية الضياع، فنفر أبو بكر من مقالته، وكَبَرَ عليه أن يفعل ما لم يفعله النبي، فظل عمر يراوده حتى اطمئن أبو بكر لهذا الأمر. ثم كلف أبو بكر زيد بن ثابت بتتبع الوحي وجمعه، فجمعه زيد من الرقاع والعسب واللخاف وصدور الرجال. حرص زيد بن ثابت على التثبت مما جمعه، ولم يكتف بالحفظ دون الكتابة، وحرص على المطابقة بين ما هو محفوظ ومكتوب، وعلى أن الآية من المصدرين جميعًا. فكان ذلك، أول جمع للقرآن بين دفتين في مصحف واحد. واحتفظ أبو بكر بالمصحف المجموع حتى وفاته، (ar)
  • In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam's divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). Muhammad's revelations were said to have been recorded orally and in writing, through Muhammad and his followers up until his death in 632 CE. These revelations were then compiled by first caliph Abu Bakr and codified during the reign of the third caliph Uthman (r. 644–656 CE) so that the standard codex edition of the Quran or Muṣḥaf was completed around 650 CE, according to Muslim scholars. This has been critiqued by some western scholarship, suggesting the Quran was canonized at a later date, based on the dating of classical Islamic narratives, i.e. hadiths, which were written 150–200 years after the death of Muhammad, and part (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Codex_Mashhad.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/North_Africa_-_Qur'an_leaf_in_Kufic_script_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Page_from_the_Ma’il_Qur’an_(BL_Or_2165,_f.76v).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Page_from_the_Umayyad_Qur'an_manuscript_(TIEM_ŞE_80_f.41a).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Parchment_leaf_from_a_copy_of_the_Quran_written_in_early_Kufic_script,_Syria,_early_8th_century,_ufa_in_AH_75_(695),_The_David_Collection,_Copenhagen_(35599513863).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qur'an_folio_in_Hijazi_script_(BnF,_Arabe_334,_f._32r).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qur'anic_Manuscript_-_3_-_Hijazi_script.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Birmingham_Quran_manuscript_-_closeup.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/4.8-17-1990-Guld-koranside-recto-og-verso.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SanaaQuoranDoubleVersions.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Codex_Parisino-petropolitanus,_first_leaf_recto.jpg
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