A burgward or castellany was a form of settlement used for the organisation of the northeastern marches of the Kingdom of Germany in the mid-10th century. Based on earlier organisations within the Frankish Empire and among the Slavs, the burgwards were composed of a central fortification (a burg) with a number of smaller, undefended villages, perhaps ten to twenty (the ward), dependent on it for protection and upon which it was dependent economically. The fortified site served as a place of refuge during attack and also as an administrative centre for tax collection, the Church, and the court system. It was given a garrison of cavalry, usually Slavic.
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| - Burkvart (cs)
- Burgward (de)
- Burgward (en)
- Burgward (it)
- Burgward (pl)
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| - Burkvart (německy Burgward, nebo Burgwart) je termín z přelomu 10. a 11. století, který označuje území, v jehož středu stál hrad (Burgwardsmittelpunkt) s obrannou a lenní funkcí pro přilehlé poddané vesnice. Výraz má původ ve . (cs)
- Ein Burgward (auch Burgwart) bezeichnete im 10./11. Jahrhundert ein Gebiet, in dessen Zentrum eine Burg (Burgwardsmittelpunkt) mit Schutz- und Lehnfunktionen für die umliegenden Dörfer in Erbuntertänigkeit steht. Der Begriff stammt aus dem Altsächsischen. (de)
- Burgward – okręg administracyjno-wojskowy, organizowany przez Niemców na podbitych terenach Słowiańszczyzny Zachodniej – Turyngii, Brandenburgii i Saksonii. Burgwardy powstawały i funkcjonowały począwszy od X wieku jako ośrodki kolonizacji ziem Słowian połabskich. Składały się z centralnego grodu (burg), najczęściej jeszcze słowiańskiego pochodzenia, dającego nazwę całej jednostce, oraz z kilkunastu okolicznych wsi stanowiących zaplecze ekonomiczno gospodarcze. Burgwardy zniknęły ostatecznie w XIII w. po ostatecznym umocnieniu niemieckiego panowania na tych obszarach. (pl)
- A burgward or castellany was a form of settlement used for the organisation of the northeastern marches of the Kingdom of Germany in the mid-10th century. Based on earlier organisations within the Frankish Empire and among the Slavs, the burgwards were composed of a central fortification (a burg) with a number of smaller, undefended villages, perhaps ten to twenty (the ward), dependent on it for protection and upon which it was dependent economically. The fortified site served as a place of refuge during attack and also as an administrative centre for tax collection, the Church, and the court system. It was given a garrison of cavalry, usually Slavic. (en)
- Un Burgward o castellania era una forma di insediamento utilizzato per l'organizzazione delle marche del nord-est del regno di Germania a metà del X secolo. Basati su organizzazioni precedenti all'interno dell'Impero franco e tra gli Slavi, i Burgward erano composti da una fortificazione centrale (un burg) con un numero di villaggi più piccoli e indifesi, in un numero compreso tra i dieci a venti, dipendenti da essa per la protezione e da cui dipendeva economicamente. Il sito fortificato fungeva da luogo di rifugio durante gli attacchi e anche da centro amministrativo per la riscossione delle tasse, la Chiesa e il sistema giudiziario. Era dotato di una guarnigione di cavalleria, di solito slava. (it)
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| - Burkvart (německy Burgward, nebo Burgwart) je termín z přelomu 10. a 11. století, který označuje území, v jehož středu stál hrad (Burgwardsmittelpunkt) s obrannou a lenní funkcí pro přilehlé poddané vesnice. Výraz má původ ve . (cs)
- Ein Burgward (auch Burgwart) bezeichnete im 10./11. Jahrhundert ein Gebiet, in dessen Zentrum eine Burg (Burgwardsmittelpunkt) mit Schutz- und Lehnfunktionen für die umliegenden Dörfer in Erbuntertänigkeit steht. Der Begriff stammt aus dem Altsächsischen. (de)
- A burgward or castellany was a form of settlement used for the organisation of the northeastern marches of the Kingdom of Germany in the mid-10th century. Based on earlier organisations within the Frankish Empire and among the Slavs, the burgwards were composed of a central fortification (a burg) with a number of smaller, undefended villages, perhaps ten to twenty (the ward), dependent on it for protection and upon which it was dependent economically. The fortified site served as a place of refuge during attack and also as an administrative centre for tax collection, the Church, and the court system. It was given a garrison of cavalry, usually Slavic. The first burgwards (civitates or Burgen) were Merovingian and Carolingian constructions, mostly built to defend against the Saxons. An important line of burgwards lay along the Unstrut west of Merseburg, but it declined in importance in the early ninth century after the integration of the Saxons into the Frankish state. The first burgwards in Sorbian territory were founded in the 940s. Not much later they were being established among the Hevelli and around Brandenburg. There were three lines of burgwards defending eastern Thuringia. Many burgwards were controlled by monasteries, such as Hersfeld and Fulda. The burgwards were detested by the Slavs, but they were effective in their time. They converted the "tribute-paying peoples" into "census-paying peasants." The German reverses of 983, however, doomed the burgward structure and began a new epoch of Slavic independence in the region (until the 12th century). (en)
- Un Burgward o castellania era una forma di insediamento utilizzato per l'organizzazione delle marche del nord-est del regno di Germania a metà del X secolo. Basati su organizzazioni precedenti all'interno dell'Impero franco e tra gli Slavi, i Burgward erano composti da una fortificazione centrale (un burg) con un numero di villaggi più piccoli e indifesi, in un numero compreso tra i dieci a venti, dipendenti da essa per la protezione e da cui dipendeva economicamente. Il sito fortificato fungeva da luogo di rifugio durante gli attacchi e anche da centro amministrativo per la riscossione delle tasse, la Chiesa e il sistema giudiziario. Era dotato di una guarnigione di cavalleria, di solito slava. I primi Burgward (civitates o Burgen) erano costruzioni merovingi e carolingi, per lo più costruite per difendersi dai Sassoni. Un'importante linea di Burgward si trovava lungo l'Unstrut a ovest di Merseburgo, ma diminuì di importanza all'inizio del IX secolo dopo l'integrazione dei Sassoni nello stato franco. I primi Burgward in territorio sorabo furono fondati negli anni '40 del 900. Non molto tempo, i Burgward furono eretti tra gli Evelli e nella zona del Brandeburgo. C'erano tre linee di Burgward che difendevano la Turingia orientale. Molti Burgward erano controllati da monasteri, come Hersfeld e Fulda. I Burgward erano detestati dagli slavi, ma erano strutture efficaci. Essi convertirono questi popoli da "popoli che pagavano il tributo" in "contadini che pagavano il censo". La rivolta slava del 983, tuttavia, fece scomparire la struttura dei Burgward e iniziò una nuova epoca di indipendenza slava nella regione, che durò fino al XII secolo. (it)
- Burgward – okręg administracyjno-wojskowy, organizowany przez Niemców na podbitych terenach Słowiańszczyzny Zachodniej – Turyngii, Brandenburgii i Saksonii. Burgwardy powstawały i funkcjonowały począwszy od X wieku jako ośrodki kolonizacji ziem Słowian połabskich. Składały się z centralnego grodu (burg), najczęściej jeszcze słowiańskiego pochodzenia, dającego nazwę całej jednostce, oraz z kilkunastu okolicznych wsi stanowiących zaplecze ekonomiczno gospodarcze. Burgwardy zniknęły ostatecznie w XIII w. po ostatecznym umocnieniu niemieckiego panowania na tych obszarach. (pl)
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