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- Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism. The requirements of proof for the recognition of aboriginal title, the content of aboriginal title, the methods of extinguishing aboriginal title, and the availability of compensation in the case of extinguishment vary significantly by jurisdiction. Nearly all jurisdictions are in agreement that aboriginal title is inalienable, and that it may be held either individually or collectively. Aboriginal title is also referred to as indigenous title, native title (in Australia), original Indian title (in the United States), and customary title (in New Zealand). Aboriginal title jurisprudence is related to indigenous rights, influencing and influenced by non-land issues, such as whether the government owes a fiduciary duty to indigenous peoples. While the judge-made doctrine arises from customary international law, it has been codified nationally by legislation, treaties, and constitutions. Aboriginal title was first acknowledged in the early 19th century, in decisions in which indigenous peoples were not a party. Significant aboriginal title litigation resulting in victories for indigenous peoples did not arise until recent decades. The majority of court cases have been litigated in Australia, Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, and the United States. Aboriginal title is an important area of comparative law, with many cases being cited as persuasive authority across jurisdictions. Legislated Indigenous land rights often follow from the recognition of native title. (en)
- Un titre aborigène est un titre que certains peuples autochtones possèdent parce qu'ils occupent et utilisent depuis longtemps les terres de leurs ancêtres. Les droits de ces peuples de chasser, de piéger et de pêcher sur les territoires de leurs ancêtres sont des exemples de droits ancestraux. Ces droits varient d'un groupe autochtone à l'autre selon leurs coutumes, leurs pratiques et leurs traditions. On distingue en particulier les titres aborigènes, officialisés par les systèmes de droits fonciers d'anciennes colonies, de la notion de domaines ancestraux ou territoires ancestraux, se référant plutôt au droit de vivre sur une terre en vertu d'une ancestralité revendiquée et d'aspects culturels ou spirituels. (fr)
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| rdfs:comment
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- Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism. The requirements of proof for the recognition of aboriginal title, the content of aboriginal title, the methods of extinguishing aboriginal title, and the availability of compensation in the case of extinguishment vary significantly by jurisdiction. Nearly all jurisdictions are in agreement that aboriginal title is inalienable, and that it may be held either individually or collectively. (en)
- Un titre aborigène est un titre que certains peuples autochtones possèdent parce qu'ils occupent et utilisent depuis longtemps les terres de leurs ancêtres. Les droits de ces peuples de chasser, de piéger et de pêcher sur les territoires de leurs ancêtres sont des exemples de droits ancestraux. Ces droits varient d'un groupe autochtone à l'autre selon leurs coutumes, leurs pratiques et leurs traditions. (fr)
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