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- Der USA Freedom Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act) wurde am 2. Juni 2015 als Ersatz für teilweise abgelaufene Gesetze des USA Patriot Acts beschlossen, die am 1. Juni 2015 abgelaufen waren. Im Gegensatz zum USA Patriot Act dürfen die amerikanischen Behörden Telekommunikationsdaten nicht mehr selbst speichern und haben keinen direkten Zugriff mehr darauf. Jedoch werden Telekommunikationsdaten unter dem Freedom Act zukünftig bei Telekommunikationsanbietern gespeichert und können auf Verlangen auch an amerikanische Behörden weitergegeben werden. Zwar müssen amerikanische Behörden zumindest einen Verdachtsfall vortragen, etwa, dass der Betroffene eine potentielle Gefahr darstellen könnte. Aber abgesehen davon steht einer massenhaften Überwachung und Auswertung von Telekommunikationsdaten nichts im Wege. Aber datenschutzrechtlich und in Bezug auf die gefallene Safe-Harbor-Regelung machen die Änderungen kaum einen Unterschied. Die Kritik an Safe Harbor bezog sich auf das massenhafte Speichern und Verarbeiten von Daten, ohne dass eine Zweckbindung für die Verarbeitung vorlag oder dass Betroffene irgendwelche Rechte gegen eine willkürliche Verarbeitung geltend machen konnten. Der Freedom Act hilft dem nicht ab. Das Safe-Harbor-Dilemma ist demnach nicht gelöst. (de)
- The USA Freedom Act (H.R. 2048, Pub.L. 114–23 (text) (PDF)) is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015, that restored and modified several provisions of the Patriot Act, which had expired the day before. The act imposes some new limits on the bulk collection of telecommunication metadata on U.S. citizens by American intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency. It also restores authorization for roving wiretaps and tracking lone wolf terrorists. The title of the act is a ten-letter backronym (USA FREEDOM) that stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015. The bill was originally introduced in both houses of the U.S. Congress on October 29, 2013, following publication of classified NSA memos describing bulk data collection programs leaked by Edward Snowden that June. When it was re-introduced in the 114th Congress (2015–2016), it was described by the bill sponsors as "a balanced approach" while being questioned for extending the Freedom Act through the end of 2019. Supporters of the bill said that the House Intelligence Committee and House leadership would insist on reauthorizing all Patriot Act powers except bulk collection under Section 215 of the Patriot Act. Critics assert that mass surveillance of the content of Americans' communication will continue under Section 702 of FISA and Executive Order 12333 due to the "unstoppable surveillance-industrial complex" despite the fact that a bipartisan majority of the House had previously voted to close backdoor mass surveillance. The USA Freedom Act mandates that the FISA court release "novel" interpretations of the law, which thereby sets precedent and thereby makes up the body of FISA court common law, as both legal authority for deciding subsequent cases, and for guidance parameters for allowing or restricting surveillance conduct. The Act is not clear as to whether or not it mandates retroactive disclosure of decisions prior to passage of the Act in 2015. In October 2016, the ACLU filed a Motion for the Release of FISA Court Records to release interpretations prior to the USA Freedom Act. (en)
- 미국의 자유법(USA Freedom Act)은 2013년 에드워드 스노든(Edward Joseph Snowden)의 폭로사건 이후, 2001년 제정된 미 애국법(US Patriot Act)의 CIA, NSA 등 정보수집기관의 통화감찰, 통신기록권한과 해외정보감시법(FISA)의 무차별적 정보수집권한 등 인권침해 논란이 지속되었다. 이후 애국법 한시조항의 만료기한인 2015년 5월 논란이 되었던 정보수집권한의 일부를 제한하는 조건으로 자유법(Freedom Act:Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ending Eavesdropping, Dragnet-collection and Online Monitoring Act)이 통과되었다. (ko)
- Акт о свободе США (англ. USA Freedom Act) — федеральный закон США, принятый в 2015 году. Закон запрещает спецслужбам США вести за американскими гражданами электронную слежку. «Акт о свободе» заменил «Патриотический акт», принятый после теракта в США 11 сентября 2001 года и предоставляющий спецслужбам почти неограниченные права по подслушиванию и ведению электронной слежки. Действие данного акта истекло 1 июня 2015 года. (ru)
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- Jim Sensenbrenner with 150 House and 21 Senate co-sponsors (en)
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- An Act To reform the authorities of the Federal Government to require the production of certain business records, conduct electronic surveillance, use pen registers and trap and trace devices, and use other forms of information gathering for foreign intelligence, counterterrorism, and criminal purposes, and for other purposes. (en)
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- Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 (en)
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- 미국의 자유법(USA Freedom Act)은 2013년 에드워드 스노든(Edward Joseph Snowden)의 폭로사건 이후, 2001년 제정된 미 애국법(US Patriot Act)의 CIA, NSA 등 정보수집기관의 통화감찰, 통신기록권한과 해외정보감시법(FISA)의 무차별적 정보수집권한 등 인권침해 논란이 지속되었다. 이후 애국법 한시조항의 만료기한인 2015년 5월 논란이 되었던 정보수집권한의 일부를 제한하는 조건으로 자유법(Freedom Act:Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ending Eavesdropping, Dragnet-collection and Online Monitoring Act)이 통과되었다. (ko)
- Акт о свободе США (англ. USA Freedom Act) — федеральный закон США, принятый в 2015 году. Закон запрещает спецслужбам США вести за американскими гражданами электронную слежку. «Акт о свободе» заменил «Патриотический акт», принятый после теракта в США 11 сентября 2001 года и предоставляющий спецслужбам почти неограниченные права по подслушиванию и ведению электронной слежки. Действие данного акта истекло 1 июня 2015 года. (ru)
- Der USA Freedom Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act) wurde am 2. Juni 2015 als Ersatz für teilweise abgelaufene Gesetze des USA Patriot Acts beschlossen, die am 1. Juni 2015 abgelaufen waren. (de)
- The USA Freedom Act (H.R. 2048, Pub.L. 114–23 (text) (PDF)) is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015, that restored and modified several provisions of the Patriot Act, which had expired the day before. The act imposes some new limits on the bulk collection of telecommunication metadata on U.S. citizens by American intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency. It also restores authorization for roving wiretaps and tracking lone wolf terrorists. The title of the act is a ten-letter backronym (USA FREEDOM) that stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015. (en)
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- USA Freedom Act (de)
- 미국 자유법 (ko)
- Акт о свободе США (ru)
- USA Freedom Act (en)
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