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Tunnel ionization is a process in which electrons in an atom (or a molecule) pass through the potential barrier and escape from the atom (or molecule). In an intense electric field, the potential barrier of an atom (molecule) is distorted drastically. Therefore, as the length of the barrier that electrons have to pass decreases, the electrons can escape from the atom's potential more easily. Tunneling Ionization is a quantum mechanical phenomenon, since in the classical picture an electron does not have sufficient energy to overcome the potential barrier of the atom.

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  • Tunnelionisation ist ein Vorgang, bei dem Elektronen durch die Potentialbarriere aus einem Atom oder Molekül entweichen. In einem starken elektrischen Feld wird die Potentialbarriere eines Atoms oder Moleküls drastisch verzerrt. Dadurch verringert sich die Breite der Barriere, die Elektronen überwinden müssen, so dass sie leichter aus dem Atom oder Molekül entweichen können (siehe Tunneleffekt). Die Tunnelionisation ist ein Quanteneffekt: nach den klassischen Gesetzen kann ein Teilchen auch die verformte Coulomb-Barriere nicht überwinden, da es dazu zu wenig Energie hat. (de)
  • Tunnel ionization is a process in which electrons in an atom (or a molecule) pass through the potential barrier and escape from the atom (or molecule). In an intense electric field, the potential barrier of an atom (molecule) is distorted drastically. Therefore, as the length of the barrier that electrons have to pass decreases, the electrons can escape from the atom's potential more easily. Tunneling Ionization is a quantum mechanical phenomenon, since in the classical picture an electron does not have sufficient energy to overcome the potential barrier of the atom. When the atom is in a DC external field, the Coulomb potential barrier is lowered and the electron has an increased, non-zero probability of tunnelling through the potential barrier. In the case of an alternating electric field, the direction of the electric field reverses after the half period of the field. The ionized electron may come back to its parent ion. The electron may recombine with the nucleus (nuclei) and its kinetic energy is released as light (high harmonic generation). If the recombination does not occur, further ionization may proceed by collision between high-energy electrons and a parent atom (molecule). This process is known as . (en)
  • 当原子或分子中的电子发生隧穿效应而通过势垒,由束缚态进入连续态而离开原子或分子,这种电离过程即称为隧穿电离。在强场作用下,原子势垒发生大幅变形,原本电子难以隧穿的势垒的长度被大大缩减,电子变得易于隧穿。 对于光场,其电场分量是随时间改变的,每半个周期,电场就要改变一次方向。电子带有负电荷,在库仑作用下电子每半个周期便会改变运动方向。由于电子从电场中获得很大动能,当其改变方向后可能与母核发生碰撞,如果碰撞非弹性,即电子与母核重结合,额外的能量会以光子的形式发射出去,因为电子可以多次改变方向而吸收更多电场能量,最终以光子形式放出,人们可以得到很高的光子能量,实验上会观测到高次谐波(High order harmonic generation, HOHG),这是当前产生的一种有效途径;如果发生弹性碰撞后最终电子逸出,多次改变方向会使电子吸收额外的动能,最终得到超阈值电离谱(Above threshold ionization, ATI)。 (zh)
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  • Tunnelionisation ist ein Vorgang, bei dem Elektronen durch die Potentialbarriere aus einem Atom oder Molekül entweichen. In einem starken elektrischen Feld wird die Potentialbarriere eines Atoms oder Moleküls drastisch verzerrt. Dadurch verringert sich die Breite der Barriere, die Elektronen überwinden müssen, so dass sie leichter aus dem Atom oder Molekül entweichen können (siehe Tunneleffekt). Die Tunnelionisation ist ein Quanteneffekt: nach den klassischen Gesetzen kann ein Teilchen auch die verformte Coulomb-Barriere nicht überwinden, da es dazu zu wenig Energie hat. (de)
  • 当原子或分子中的电子发生隧穿效应而通过势垒,由束缚态进入连续态而离开原子或分子,这种电离过程即称为隧穿电离。在强场作用下,原子势垒发生大幅变形,原本电子难以隧穿的势垒的长度被大大缩减,电子变得易于隧穿。 对于光场,其电场分量是随时间改变的,每半个周期,电场就要改变一次方向。电子带有负电荷,在库仑作用下电子每半个周期便会改变运动方向。由于电子从电场中获得很大动能,当其改变方向后可能与母核发生碰撞,如果碰撞非弹性,即电子与母核重结合,额外的能量会以光子的形式发射出去,因为电子可以多次改变方向而吸收更多电场能量,最终以光子形式放出,人们可以得到很高的光子能量,实验上会观测到高次谐波(High order harmonic generation, HOHG),这是当前产生的一种有效途径;如果发生弹性碰撞后最终电子逸出,多次改变方向会使电子吸收额外的动能,最终得到超阈值电离谱(Above threshold ionization, ATI)。 (zh)
  • Tunnel ionization is a process in which electrons in an atom (or a molecule) pass through the potential barrier and escape from the atom (or molecule). In an intense electric field, the potential barrier of an atom (molecule) is distorted drastically. Therefore, as the length of the barrier that electrons have to pass decreases, the electrons can escape from the atom's potential more easily. Tunneling Ionization is a quantum mechanical phenomenon, since in the classical picture an electron does not have sufficient energy to overcome the potential barrier of the atom. (en)
rdfs:label
  • Tunnelionisation (de)
  • Tunnel ionization (en)
  • 隧穿电离 (zh)
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