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- In scientific research and psychotherapy, the subject-expectancy effect, is a form of reactivity that occurs when a research subject expects a given result and therefore unconsciously affects the outcome, or reports the expected result. Because this effect can significantly bias the results of experiments (especially on human subjects), double-blind methodology is used to eliminate the effect. Like the observer-expectancy effect, it is often a cause of "odd" results in many experiments. The subject-expectancy effect is most commonly found in medicine, where it can result in the subject experiencing the placebo effect or nocebo effect, depending on how the influence pans out. (en)
- 受試者期望效應（英語：Subject-expectancy effect）是認知偏見的一種。在科學實驗中，由於志願人員預期某些測試結果，於是無意識地以某種形式操縱了實驗步驟，或向實驗人員報告他們希望得到的結果。志願人員期望效應能嚴重歪曲實驗結果，因此需利用雙盲方式進行實驗來消除這效應。 有很多實驗經常是受病人期望效應影響而出現奇怪結果，尤其在以人類為對象的實驗。病人期望效應最常出現在藥物測試中，亦稱安慰劑效應。安慰劑效應的典型例子有：病人服用聲稱可以醫治背痛的安慰劑後，表示有關痛症得到舒緩。 (zh)
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- 受試者期望效應（英語：Subject-expectancy effect）是認知偏見的一種。在科學實驗中，由於志願人員預期某些測試結果，於是無意識地以某種形式操縱了實驗步驟，或向實驗人員報告他們希望得到的結果。志願人員期望效應能嚴重歪曲實驗結果，因此需利用雙盲方式進行實驗來消除這效應。 有很多實驗經常是受病人期望效應影響而出現奇怪結果，尤其在以人類為對象的實驗。病人期望效應最常出現在藥物測試中，亦稱安慰劑效應。安慰劑效應的典型例子有：病人服用聲稱可以醫治背痛的安慰劑後，表示有關痛症得到舒緩。 (zh)
- In scientific research and psychotherapy, the subject-expectancy effect, is a form of reactivity that occurs when a research subject expects a given result and therefore unconsciously affects the outcome, or reports the expected result. Because this effect can significantly bias the results of experiments (especially on human subjects), double-blind methodology is used to eliminate the effect. (en)
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- Subject-expectancy effect (en)
- 受試者期望效應 (zh)
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