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- The san yan chong (simplified Chinese: 三眼铳; traditional Chinese: 三眼銃; lit. 'three-eyes gun') was a three barrel hand cannon used in the Ming dynasty. The distinctive San Yan Chong 三眼銃, or three eyed gun was one of the most common Ming hand cannons. were usually made from cast iron or crude steel, each of the three eyed gun's metal tubes would have a small hole that allows the user to pour in gunpowder. Functionally they were no different from many contemporary European hand cannons- a solid metallic head with an aperture behind it for different tail fittings to be attached~ ranging from the butt of a staff, a spearhead, to a specialized short curved stock with a raised sight that enabled the gunner to fire it while kneeling- these would be called "Divine Machines." Historians have attributed their design to be refined from primitive fire lances- which consisted of bundles of single joint of bamboos tied around a spear. As time progressed though, metal barrels appeared during the 12th century, and could not only shoot out spouts of flames like a small flame thrower but they could also fire porcelain shards or metal scraps as shrapnel. The three headed gun would standardize the rounds and became the next evolution of the fire lance- on top of standardizing the rounds, which ranged from rounds of steel balls to shrapnel, to rough iron sand. Though they the three eyed guns and all of its variants were developed roughly in tandem with contemporary European hand guns, even after superior European guns were introduced to China via Portuguese merchants in the 16th century the Ming still fielded them in the tens of thousands to work in conjunction with whole new divisions fully equipped with western muskets. As the Ming dynasty neared its collapse, the production and deployment of these multi-barreled guns actually rose drastically against the rising Manchu threat. (en)
- 三眼铳是中国古代一种短距火器，使用铁或粗钢浇注而成。外形为三根竹节状单铳联装，每个铳管外侧都有个小孔。使用时在铳管内添加火药，最后装填钢球或者铸铁块、碎铁砂等，在小孔处添加引火药，使用时将火绳朝发射孔点燃引火药，引爆装填火药将弹丸发射出去，三个铳管可轮番射击。在三眼铳的尾部留有柄座，安装有长度不等的木杆用以握持，防止射手燙傷手部。 三眼铳在明代常见，但是射程極近無法與弓弩比擬，再加上装填速度被重弩更慢，令其戰術價值極為低微。由于上述原因，三眼铳并没有多大的发展前景，迅速被遗忘並消失於歷史的洪流中，於清代開始被更先进的鸟铳彻底替代。 在明代因北方地区天气严寒、风沙大不适合使用鸟铳，因此大量装备三眼铳，而南方地区则大量装备了鸟铳。 於舊式火器被淘汰後，三眼铳在民间仍留存至今，百姓使用只装火药不装铸铁丸的三眼铳当做驱魔吓邪物的工具，类似鞭炮的作用。现在在中国南方一些客家地区，依然可以看到三眼铳和这类活动。 於近代有見燧发三眼铳之影片於網絡上廣為流傳，以至于很多人誤以為三眼铳是燧发枪，但其實該等火器乃是西方槍械愛好者自製的复制品，中國歷史上從未出現過採用燧发方式點火的三眼铳。 (zh)
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- 三眼铳是中国古代一种短距火器，使用铁或粗钢浇注而成。外形为三根竹节状单铳联装，每个铳管外侧都有个小孔。使用时在铳管内添加火药，最后装填钢球或者铸铁块、碎铁砂等，在小孔处添加引火药，使用时将火绳朝发射孔点燃引火药，引爆装填火药将弹丸发射出去，三个铳管可轮番射击。在三眼铳的尾部留有柄座，安装有长度不等的木杆用以握持，防止射手燙傷手部。 三眼铳在明代常见，但是射程極近無法與弓弩比擬，再加上装填速度被重弩更慢，令其戰術價值極為低微。由于上述原因，三眼铳并没有多大的发展前景，迅速被遗忘並消失於歷史的洪流中，於清代開始被更先进的鸟铳彻底替代。 在明代因北方地区天气严寒、风沙大不适合使用鸟铳，因此大量装备三眼铳，而南方地区则大量装备了鸟铳。 於舊式火器被淘汰後，三眼铳在民间仍留存至今，百姓使用只装火药不装铸铁丸的三眼铳当做驱魔吓邪物的工具，类似鞭炮的作用。现在在中国南方一些客家地区，依然可以看到三眼铳和这类活动。 於近代有見燧发三眼铳之影片於網絡上廣為流傳，以至于很多人誤以為三眼铳是燧发枪，但其實該等火器乃是西方槍械愛好者自製的复制品，中國歷史上從未出現過採用燧发方式點火的三眼铳。 (zh)
- The san yan chong (simplified Chinese: 三眼铳; traditional Chinese: 三眼銃; lit. 'three-eyes gun') was a three barrel hand cannon used in the Ming dynasty. The distinctive San Yan Chong 三眼銃, or three eyed gun was one of the most common Ming hand cannons. were usually made from cast iron or crude steel, each of the three eyed gun's metal tubes would have a small hole that allows the user to pour in gunpowder. Functionally they were no different from many contemporary European hand cannons- a solid metallic head with an aperture behind it for different tail fittings to be attached~ ranging from the butt of a staff, a spearhead, to a specialized short curved stock with a raised sight that enabled the gunner to fire it while kneeling- these would be called "Divine Machines." (en)
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- San yan chong (en)
- 三眼铳 (zh)
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