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- Un quer és un accident geogràfic de menor o major envergadura constituït per un promontori rocós. En algunes ocasions aquests quer foren utilitzats durant l'edat mitjana per construir-hi fortificacions al damunt. Hi ha abundants referències a l'Arieja —occitanoparlant— i en contrades catalanoparlants. Paraula en desús d'origen mil·lenari, relicte en contrades catalanes i adjacents. Significa "penyal", "roca". Segons Joan Coromines i Vigneaux l'apel·latiu quer s'originaria de «cariu», d'origen preromà. L'Institut d'Estudis Catalans recull l'opinió d'un origen preindoeuropeu o celta. Així mateix, esmenta la hipòtesi de Meyer-Lübke segons la qual quer derivaria del prellatí KARRI, que hauria evolucionat fins al HARRI (pedra) del basc actual, hipòtesi compartida per Rohlfs, però la posa en dubte pel fet que els topònims que utilitzen quer (Queralbs, Queralt, ...) ho fan amb una sola "r". Segons altres tindria l'arrel prellatina KER, que significaria tant "lloc on viure" com "sobre un roquer". (ca)
- La rocca o rocafuerte es un término arquitectónico para designar un tipo de castillo. La palabra se usa esencialmente en ámbito italiano; en España su denominación sería «roca», con el significado genérico de torre-refugio, edificación de construcción temprana (siglo X) que se dio sobre todo en Cataluña y Provenza. La rocca nació en la Edad Media esencialmente como fortaleza militar construida en un lugar elevado o escarpado donde se alojaba alguna guarnición de soldados comandados por un capitán. Solo posteriormente en el Renacimiento, en algunos casos, se transformó también en residencia de un príncipe o de algún noble. Existen numerosos burgos europeos, especialmente en Italia, donde el término rocca se antepone al nombre de la localidad. (es)
- A rocca (literally: "rock") is a type of Italian fortified stronghold or fortress, typically located on a hilltop, beneath or on which the inhabitants of a historically clustered village or town might take refuge at times of trouble. Generally under its owners' patronage, the settlement might hope to find prosperity in better times. A rocca might in reality be no grander than a fortified farmhouse. A more extensive rocca would be referred to as a castello. The rocca in Roman times would more likely be a site of a venerable cult than a dwelling, like the high place of Athens, its Acropolis. Though the earliest documentation is not earlier than the eleventh century, it was during the Lombard times that farming communities, which had presented a Roman pattern of loosely distributed farmsteads or self-sufficient Roman villa, moved from their traditional places on the fringes of the best arable lands in river valleys, where they were dangerously vulnerable from the Roman roads, to defensive positions, such as had once been occupied by Etruscan settlements, before the settled conditions of the Pax Romana. Historian J.B. Ward-Perkins made the following observation regarding the rocca at the town of Falerii. At Falerii ... the inhabitants simply transferred their town back from its Roman site on the open plateau to the old cliff-top site of Falerii Veteres, to which they gave the significant name of Civita Castellana, or "the Fortress Town"; just as in antiquity, security was once again the basic consideration. Similarly, in Greek-speaking Campania, the inhabitants of Paestum finally abandoned their town after raids by Saracens and moved a few miles to the top of a cliff, calling the new settlement Agropoli (i.e., "acropolis"). Where such fortress villages were sited at the end of a ridge, protected on three sides by steep, cliff-like escarpments, the rocca was often sited to control the narrow access along the crest of the spur. Locally the term la rocca simply designates the local fortified high place. (en)
- La rocca (o roccaforte) è una costruzione fortificata eretta a presidio di un territorio, preferibilmente in un luogo elevato e scosceso. Può essere isolata rappresentando sotto forma di torre una fortificazione di dimensioni ridotte rispetto ad un castello, oppure costruita all'interno di un castello dove in genere rappresenta una torre dello stesso. A volte il termine diventa sinonimo di castello stesso. (it)
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- La rocca (o roccaforte) è una costruzione fortificata eretta a presidio di un territorio, preferibilmente in un luogo elevato e scosceso. Può essere isolata rappresentando sotto forma di torre una fortificazione di dimensioni ridotte rispetto ad un castello, oppure costruita all'interno di un castello dove in genere rappresenta una torre dello stesso. A volte il termine diventa sinonimo di castello stesso. (it)
- Un quer és un accident geogràfic de menor o major envergadura constituït per un promontori rocós. En algunes ocasions aquests quer foren utilitzats durant l'edat mitjana per construir-hi fortificacions al damunt. Hi ha abundants referències a l'Arieja —occitanoparlant— i en contrades catalanoparlants. Paraula en desús d'origen mil·lenari, relicte en contrades catalanes i adjacents. Significa "penyal", "roca". Segons Joan Coromines i Vigneaux l'apel·latiu quer s'originaria de «cariu», d'origen preromà. L'Institut d'Estudis Catalans recull l'opinió d'un origen preindoeuropeu o celta. Així mateix, esmenta la hipòtesi de Meyer-Lübke segons la qual quer derivaria del prellatí KARRI, que hauria evolucionat fins al HARRI (pedra) del basc actual, hipòtesi compartida per Rohlfs, però la posa en dub (ca)
- La rocca o rocafuerte es un término arquitectónico para designar un tipo de castillo. La palabra se usa esencialmente en ámbito italiano; en España su denominación sería «roca», con el significado genérico de torre-refugio, edificación de construcción temprana (siglo X) que se dio sobre todo en Cataluña y Provenza. (es)
- A rocca (literally: "rock") is a type of Italian fortified stronghold or fortress, typically located on a hilltop, beneath or on which the inhabitants of a historically clustered village or town might take refuge at times of trouble. Generally under its owners' patronage, the settlement might hope to find prosperity in better times. A rocca might in reality be no grander than a fortified farmhouse. A more extensive rocca would be referred to as a castello. Locally the term la rocca simply designates the local fortified high place. (en)
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