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Codex Mutinensis graecus 122 is a 15th-century codex written in Greek, today stored in the Biblioteca Estense in Modena, Italy. The designation Mutinensis gr. 122 is modern and the codex itself bears the title Epitome of Histories (Greek: Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν) as the bulk of its content is made up of a copy of large parts of the 12th-century Byzantine historian Joannes Zonaras's .

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  • El Codex Mutinensis 122 (Módena, Biblioteca Estense, Gr. 122) es un manuscrito del siglo XV escrito en griego medieval, almacenado en la Biblioteca Estense en Módena, Italia. La designación «Mutinensis 122» es moderna, el códice en sí lleva el título Epitomé historion (en griego, Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν)​ ya que contiene una copia de la obra del mismo nombre del historiador bizantino del siglo XII Juan Zonaras. El trabajo de Zonaras es una crónica de la historia mundial que se centra en el Imperio romano desde su fundación hasta la ascensión del emperador bizantino Juan II Comneno en 1118. El códice de Módena también presenta trabajo adicional de dos escribas posteriores, extendiendo el códice para cubrir la historia bizantina después de Juan II hasta la caída de Constantinopla en 1453. El códice es más notable por contener retratos en miniatura de todos los emperadores romanos desde Augusto en el 27 a. C. hasta Constantino XI Paleólogo en 1453. Si bien los retratos de los primeros emperadores son casi en su totalidad imaginarios, los retratos de emperadores del siglo VII en adelante son más confiables (aunque no naturalista) y concuerdan bien con otras fuentes que describen su apariencia. Algunos emperadores, como Miguel IX Paleólogo y Andrónico IV Paleólogo no tienen retratos supervivientes conocidos fuera del códice de Módena. (es)
  • Codex Mutinensis graecus 122 is a 15th-century codex written in Greek, today stored in the Biblioteca Estense in Modena, Italy. The designation Mutinensis gr. 122 is modern and the codex itself bears the title Epitome of Histories (Greek: Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν) as the bulk of its content is made up of a copy of large parts of the 12th-century Byzantine historian Joannes Zonaras's . In addition to Zonaras's work (a chronicle of the history of the Roman Empire from its foundation to the end of the reign of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the early 12th century), the codex also features an original introduction, content extending it to cover history up until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, as well as various shorter lists and accounts, for instance pertaining to court officials, church officials and imperial tombs. The codex was first created c. 1425 as a copy of Zonaras's work, and then expanded, with the new content added, by a second scribe working at some point after 1453. It is possible that the Fall of Constantinople was the event that motivated the second scribe to preserve and expand the work, as an effort to preserve the memory of the lost empire. The most notable feature of the codex are the portraits featured throughout the manuscript. Mutinensis gr. 122 contains miniature portraits of nearly every Roman emperor from Augustus in 27 BC to Constantine XI Palaiologos in 1453 and is the only preserved manuscript to do so. While portraits of early emperors are likely to be entirely imaginary, portraits of emperors from the 7th century onwards are more reliable (though not naturalistic) and accord well with other sources depicting the same emperors, probably being based on surviving contemporary portraits, descriptions and coins. Some emperors, such as Michael IX Palaiologos (r. 1294–1320) and Andronikos IV Palaiologos (r. 1376–1379) have no known surviving portraits outside of the codex. Throughout the text containing Zonaras's historical account, the portraits are placed on the margins next to where the respective emperors are first mentioned as taking power in the text, serving as visual markings of transitions of power. The portraits of emperors after Alexios I Komnenos, who are not mentioned in Zonaras's 12th-century work, are grouped together in their own section near the end of the manuscript. (en)
  • Le Codex Mutinensis graecus 122 est un manuscrit en langue grecque écrit au XVe siècle et conservé au sein de la bibliothèque Estense à Modène. Souvent appelé Mutinensis gr. 122, il est une version de la chronique historique de Jean Zonaras, datant du XIIe siècle, intitulée Épitomé historion. Le manuscrit reprend les grandes lignes de l'histoire byzantine de sa fondation à la fin du règne d'Alexis Ier Comnène, sur le modèle de l'œuvre de Zonaras. Toutefois, il comporte aussi une introduction, ainsi qu'une histoire de l'Empire jusqu'à la chute de Constantinople en 1453. Il semble avoir été composé vers 1425, d'abord comme une copie de la chronique de Zonaras, avant d'être complété après 1453. Il est possible que la chute de Constantinople explique ce souhait de prolonger l'œuvre au-delà de la seule retranscription des écrits de Zonaras. L'un des aspects les plus remarquables du codex est la suite de portraits de l'ensemble des empereurs romains puis byzantins depuis Auguste jusqu'à Constantin XI Paléologue. C'est le seul manuscrit à comprendre de telles représentations, même si la plupart datant d'avant le VIIe siècle sont très certainement fantaisistes. Les portraits des empereurs plus contemporains semblent plus crédibles car se rapprochant des descriptions contenues dans diverses autres sources et ils ont pu s'appuyer sur des représentations existantes sur d'autres supports. Pour certains d'entre eux, comme Michel IX Paléologue ou Andronic IV Paléologue, on ne connaît aucun autre portrait. (fr)
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  • Selection of folios of Mutinensis gr. 122 , featuring the portraits of Gordian I and Gordian II, Constantine the Great, Basil I, and Romanos IV Diogenes, respectively. Imperial portraits of the manuscript from Augustus to Alexios I Komnenos are included in the margins of the text. (en)
  • The portraits of Zoë Porphyrogenita and her husband Constantine IX Monomachos (en)
  • Portraits of Basil II in Mutinensis gr. 122 , an 11th-century codex and on his coinage . Basil II is one of the few clear cases where the codex portrait accords poorly with other known portraits. (en)
  • Andronikos II Palaiologos as depicted in Mutinensis gr. 122 and in the 13th-century History of George Pachymeres . The similarity between the portraits in Mutinensis gr. 122 and other sources with images of emperors suggest that the scribes were attempting to faithfully depict the emperors. (en)
  • Folios 293v, 294r and 294v of Mutinensis gr. 122, featuring portraits of emperors from John II Komnenos to Constantine XI Palaiologos. Constantine XI's portrait is followed by a final portrait which depicts Constantine the Great. (en)
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  • Histamenon of Basil II & Constantine VIII.png (en)
  • Andronikos II Palaiologos .jpg (en)
  • Basil I page .png (en)
  • Basil II crop.png (en)
  • Constantine the Great page .png (en)
  • Gordian page .png (en)
  • Romanos IV page .png (en)
  • Zonaras 1 .png (en)
  • Zonaras 2 .png (en)
  • Zonaras 3 .png (en)
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  • El Codex Mutinensis 122 (Módena, Biblioteca Estense, Gr. 122) es un manuscrito del siglo XV escrito en griego medieval, almacenado en la Biblioteca Estense en Módena, Italia. La designación «Mutinensis 122» es moderna, el códice en sí lleva el título Epitomé historion (en griego, Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν)​ ya que contiene una copia de la obra del mismo nombre del historiador bizantino del siglo XII Juan Zonaras. El trabajo de Zonaras es una crónica de la historia mundial que se centra en el Imperio romano desde su fundación hasta la ascensión del emperador bizantino Juan II Comneno en 1118. El códice de Módena también presenta trabajo adicional de dos escribas posteriores, extendiendo el códice para cubrir la historia bizantina después de Juan II hasta la caída de Constantinopla en 1453. (es)
  • Codex Mutinensis graecus 122 is a 15th-century codex written in Greek, today stored in the Biblioteca Estense in Modena, Italy. The designation Mutinensis gr. 122 is modern and the codex itself bears the title Epitome of Histories (Greek: Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν) as the bulk of its content is made up of a copy of large parts of the 12th-century Byzantine historian Joannes Zonaras's . (en)
  • Le Codex Mutinensis graecus 122 est un manuscrit en langue grecque écrit au XVe siècle et conservé au sein de la bibliothèque Estense à Modène. Souvent appelé Mutinensis gr. 122, il est une version de la chronique historique de Jean Zonaras, datant du XIIe siècle, intitulée Épitomé historion. (fr)
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  • Codex Mutinensis 122 (es)
  • Mutinensis gr. 122 (fr)
  • Mutinensis gr. 122 (en)
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