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The flag of the Holy Roman Empire was not a national flag, but rather an imperial banner used by the Holy Roman Emperor; black and gold were used as the colours of the imperial banner, a black eagle on a golden background. After the late 13th or early 14th century, the claws and beak of the eagle were coloured red. From the early 15th century, a double-headed eagle was used.

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  • Die Reichsbanner, auch Reichsfahne oder Reichsstandarte, die Fahne als Insigne, und die Flaggenfarben Schwarz-Gold und Wappenbilder (schwarz-goldener Adler, silber-rotes Kreuz) des Heiligen Römischen Reichs, sind seit Kaiser Heinrich VI. († 1197) bezeugt. Als Heer- oder Sturmfahne war dieses Banner – in Form einer Standarte – unmittelbar mit dem Königtum verbunden, denn das Reich war dem König anvertraut, und allein der König konnte den Reichskrieg erklären; sie war also ein Symbol des Reichsrechts. Sie galt als des riches warzeichen, wurde sogar als das heilig reich bezeichnet. Trat der König nicht persönlich als Heerführer auf, so übertrug er des reichs pannyr dem Befehlshaber, den er mit dieser Aufgabe betraute. (de)
  • The flag of the Holy Roman Empire was not a national flag, but rather an imperial banner used by the Holy Roman Emperor; black and gold were used as the colours of the imperial banner, a black eagle on a golden background. After the late 13th or early 14th century, the claws and beak of the eagle were coloured red. From the early 15th century, a double-headed eagle was used. In 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte declared the First French Empire. In response to this, Emperor Francis II of the Habsburg dynasty declared his personal domain to be the Austrian Empire and became Francis I of Austria. Taking the colours of the banner of the Holy Roman Emperor, the flag of the Austrian Empire was black and gold. Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, with Napoleon forcing the empire's dissolution in 1806. After this point, these colours continued to be used as the flag of Austria until 1918. The colours red and white were also significant during this period. When the Holy Roman Empire took part in the Crusades, a war flag was flown alongside the black-gold imperial banner. This flag, known as the "Saint George Flag", was a white cross on a red background: the reverse of the St George's Cross used as the flag of England. Red and white were also colours of the Hanseatic League (13th–17th centuries). Hanseatic trading ships were identifiable by their red-white pennants and most Hanseatic cities adopted red and white as their city colours (see Hanseatic flags). Red and white still feature as the colours of many former Hanseatic cities such as Hamburg or Bremen. In northern Italy, during the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines in the 12th to 14th centuries, the armies of the Ghibelline (pro-imperial) communes adopted the war banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (white cross on red) as their own, while the Guelph (anti-imperial) communes reversed the colours (red cross on white). These two schemes are prevalent in the modern civic heraldry of northern Italian towns and remains a revealing indicator of their past factional leanings. Traditionally Ghibelline towns like Pavia, Novara, Como, and Asti continue to display the Ghibelline cross. The Guelph cross can be found on the civic arms of traditionally Guelph towns like Milan, Vercelli, Alessandria, Reggio, and Bologna. (en)
  • La bannière du Saint-Empire a arboré jusqu'en 1410 l'aigle impériale sur fond or. Après cette date, l'aigle simple est remplacée par une aigle bicéphale et cela jusqu'à la disparition du Saint-Empire en 1806. Lors des croisades, la bannière du Saint-Empire est complétée par un drapeau rouge croisé de blanc. Ce drapeau avait été rendu nécessaire pour garder une vue globale sur les nations croisées lors des actions communes aux Français, au Saint-Empire et à d'autres armées. Après les croisades, la bannière d'Empire est arborée sans drapeau rouge. Cependant, ce drapeau ne disparait pas complètement. Il apparaît par la suite comme fanion sur la Reichssturmfahne jusqu'en 1410. Le maréchal d'Empire porte la Reichsrennfahne à côté de la bannière d'Empire. * Détail d'une miniature du siège d'Antioche montrant le drapeau. Peinte par Jean Colombe dans les Passages d'outremer, vers 1474. * Drapeau du Saint-Empire régulièrement utilisé entre le XIIe siècle et 1350. * Drapeau du Saint-Empire régulièrement utilisé entre le XIIe siècle et 1400. * Drapeau du Saint-Empire régulièrement utilisé entre 1400 et 1806. (fr)
  • 신성 로마 제국은 국기가 없었으며, 대신에 신성 로마 제국의 황제가 사용하였던 휘장이 있었다. 황금색 바탕에 검독수리가 들어가 있는 형태인데, 검은색과 황금색은 황제를 상징하는 색상이다. 13세기 후 또는 14세기 초가 지나면서 독수리의 발톱과 부리는 붉은색으로 바뀌었다. 15세기 초부터는 쌍두 수리로 교체되었다. (ko)
  • 神聖羅馬帝國旗(德語:Reichsbanner des Heiligen Römischen Reiches)一面神聖羅馬帝國皇帝所使用的旗幟,而非國旗。神聖羅馬帝國旗主要由黑色和金色組成,而旗幟的外貌則為金色背景上的一隻黑鷹。在13至14世紀時,旗幟上黑鷹的爪和喙被重設成紅色。自15世紀起,黑色的雙頭鷹取代了黑鷹。 (zh)
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  • 신성 로마 제국은 국기가 없었으며, 대신에 신성 로마 제국의 황제가 사용하였던 휘장이 있었다. 황금색 바탕에 검독수리가 들어가 있는 형태인데, 검은색과 황금색은 황제를 상징하는 색상이다. 13세기 후 또는 14세기 초가 지나면서 독수리의 발톱과 부리는 붉은색으로 바뀌었다. 15세기 초부터는 쌍두 수리로 교체되었다. (ko)
  • 神聖羅馬帝國旗(德語:Reichsbanner des Heiligen Römischen Reiches)一面神聖羅馬帝國皇帝所使用的旗幟,而非國旗。神聖羅馬帝國旗主要由黑色和金色組成,而旗幟的外貌則為金色背景上的一隻黑鷹。在13至14世紀時,旗幟上黑鷹的爪和喙被重設成紅色。自15世紀起,黑色的雙頭鷹取代了黑鷹。 (zh)
  • Die Reichsbanner, auch Reichsfahne oder Reichsstandarte, die Fahne als Insigne, und die Flaggenfarben Schwarz-Gold und Wappenbilder (schwarz-goldener Adler, silber-rotes Kreuz) des Heiligen Römischen Reichs, sind seit Kaiser Heinrich VI. († 1197) bezeugt. (de)
  • The flag of the Holy Roman Empire was not a national flag, but rather an imperial banner used by the Holy Roman Emperor; black and gold were used as the colours of the imperial banner, a black eagle on a golden background. After the late 13th or early 14th century, the claws and beak of the eagle were coloured red. From the early 15th century, a double-headed eagle was used. (en)
  • La bannière du Saint-Empire a arboré jusqu'en 1410 l'aigle impériale sur fond or. Après cette date, l'aigle simple est remplacée par une aigle bicéphale et cela jusqu'à la disparition du Saint-Empire en 1806. Lors des croisades, la bannière du Saint-Empire est complétée par un drapeau rouge croisé de blanc. Ce drapeau avait été rendu nécessaire pour garder une vue globale sur les nations croisées lors des actions communes aux Français, au Saint-Empire et à d'autres armées. Le maréchal d'Empire porte la Reichsrennfahne à côté de la bannière d'Empire. * * * * (fr)
rdfs:label
  • Reichsbanner des Heiligen Römischen Reiches (de)
  • Flags of the Holy Roman Empire (en)
  • Bannière du Saint-Empire (fr)
  • 신성 로마 제국의 기 목록 (ko)
  • 神聖羅馬帝國旗 (zh)
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