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Subject Item: dbr:Large_seal_script
rdfs:label: 대전 (서체) Large seal script Escritura de sello grande 大篆 Дачжуань Stor sigillskrift Pismo wielkopieczęciowe Style grand sceau
rdfs:comment: Stor sigillskrift (大篆; dàzhuàn) är en variant av kinesisk kalligrafi och en föregångare till de fem grundstilarna. Stor sigillskrift är den äldsta formen av kinesisk kalligrafi, och har använts i minst 3 600 år. De äldsta formerna av stor sigillskrift användes huvudsakligen för dekorativa märkningar av till exempel bronsföremål. Under Zhoudynastin (1046 f.Kr.–256 f.Kr.) började stilen användas till löpande text. Stor sigillskrift användes systematisk fram till att den kinesiska skriften standardiserades till liten sigillskrift av Li Si efter Kinas enande 221 f.Kr. The large seal script or great seal script (Chinese: 大篆; pinyin: Dàzhuàn) is a traditional reference to Chinese writing from before the Qin dynasty (i.e. before 221 BCE), and is now popularly understood to refer narrowly to the writing of the Western and early Eastern Zhou dynasties (i.e. 1046–403 BCE), and more broadly to also include the oracle bone script (c.1250–1000 BCE). The term is in contrast to the name of the official script of the Qin dynasty, which is often called the small or lesser seal script (小篆 Xiǎozhuàn, also termed simply seal script). However, due to the lack of precision in the term, scholars often avoid it and instead refer more specifically to the provenance of particular examples of writing. 대전(大篆)은 중국 주나라 선왕 때, 태사 주가 만들었다는 한자의 서체이다. 고전 팔체시의 하나이다. 전문의 전신을 이루는 것이다. 대전은 전국시대 각국이 자형이 달랐으며 전국시대를 통일한 진나라에 의해 소전으로 통일되었다. Pismo wielkopieczęciowe (jap. daiten) – rodzaj chińskiego pisma używany w Chinach za czasów dynastii Zhou, w XII–III w p.n.e. Wyewoluowało ono z wcześniejszych form znaków, takich jak napisy na kościach wróżebnych i napisy na brązach. Termin Dàzhuàn został ukuty za czasów dynastii Han jako nazwa znaków, które dały początek ujednoliconemu pismu małopieczęciowemu w państwie Qin, które podbiło całe Chiny i utworzyło cesarstwo. Badacze chińskiego pisma uważają jednak nadaną na zasadzie analogii nazwę Dàzhuàn za nieprecyzyjną, bo obejmuje ona zbyt długi okres historyczny. Le grand style sigillaire ou style grand sceau (chinois : 大篆 ; pinyin : Dàzhuàn) est un style de caractères chinois antérieur à la dynastie Qin (221 av. J.-C. — 206 av. J.-C.), que l'on déclare communément aujourd'hui comme étant très proche du style d'écriture de la dynastie Zhou (-1045 – -256) occidentale et début de la dynastie Zhou orientale, et plus largement comme incluant également des éléments du style d'écriture ossécaille (XVe siècle au xe siècle av. J.-C.). Le terme est en contraste avec le nom de l'écriture officielle de la dynastie Qin, souvent appelée style petit sceau ou petit sigillaire (小篆, Xiǎozhuàn). Cependant, en raison de l'imprécision du terme, les spécialistes l'évitent souvent et se réfèrent plus spécifiquement à la provenance d'exemples d'écriture particuliers. La escritura de sello grande o escritura de gran sello ( en chino, 大篆; pinyin, Dàzhuàn ) es la denominación tradicional a la escritura china anterior a la dinastía Qin (es decir, antes del 221 a. C.), y en ocasiones puede referirse estrictamente a la escritura de las dinastías Zhou occidental y oriental (es decir, 1046–403 a. C.). También se utiliza más en términos generales para incluir la escritura de huesos oraculares (c. 1250–1000 a. C.). El término contrasta con el nombre de la escritura oficial de la dinastía Qin, que a menudo se llama escritura de sello pequeño (小篆 Xiǎozhuàn, también llamado simplemente escritura de sello). Sin embargo, debido a la falta de precisión del término, los académicos a menudo lo evitan y en su lugar se refieren más específicamente a la procedencia de los 大篆，是西周晚期开始使用的漢字字體，相傳為周宣王的史官籀作《史籀篇》时发明。廣義上的大篆可以泛指小篆之前的所有文字，包括甲骨文、金文（或称「钟鼎文」）、籀文、蝌蚪文與鸟虫书；狹義則僅指籀文，由於小篆是以此為簡化，因此古文記載的大篆通常指籀文。
dbp:name: Large seal script
foaf:depiction: n13:Song_ding_inscription.jpg
dct:subject: dbc:History_of_the_Chinese_script dbc:Chinese_script_style dbc:East_Asian_calligraphy
dbo:wikiPageID: 4499497
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID: 1120283740
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dbo:thumbnail: n13:Song_ding_inscription.jpg?width=300
dbp:c: 大篆
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dbp:p: Dàzhuàn
dbp:time: dbr:Bronze_Age_China
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dbo:abstract: Le grand style sigillaire ou style grand sceau (chinois : 大篆 ; pinyin : Dàzhuàn) est un style de caractères chinois antérieur à la dynastie Qin (221 av. J.-C. — 206 av. J.-C.), que l'on déclare communément aujourd'hui comme étant très proche du style d'écriture de la dynastie Zhou (-1045 – -256) occidentale et début de la dynastie Zhou orientale, et plus largement comme incluant également des éléments du style d'écriture ossécaille (XVe siècle au xe siècle av. J.-C.). Le terme est en contraste avec le nom de l'écriture officielle de la dynastie Qin, souvent appelée style petit sceau ou petit sigillaire (小篆, Xiǎozhuàn). Cependant, en raison de l'imprécision du terme, les spécialistes l'évitent souvent et se réfèrent plus spécifiquement à la provenance d'exemples d'écriture particuliers. Durant la dynastie Han, quand l'écriture des clercs devint la forme commune d'écriture et que l'écriture (petit) sigillaire se vit reléguée à un usage plus formel, tel que sur les sceaux de chevalière et les titres de stèle (plaques commémoratives en pierre, en vogue à l'époque), les gens commencèrent à se référer à l'écriture du début de la dynastie Qin comme au style « sceau » (à cause de leur usage perpétré sur les sceaux de chevalière). À cette époque, il subsistait encore la connaissance de tracés plus anciens et plus complexes (datant de la fin de la dynastie Zhou, et directement à l'origine des formes Qin), différant des formes du style sceau de la dynastie Qin, mais qui lui ressemblait dans leur style courbe (en opposition au style d'écriture des clercs, plutôt carré et rectiligne). Deux termes émergèrent pour décrire ces styles d'écriture : « style grand sceau » pour les formes plus anciennes et complexes, et « style petit sceau » pour les formes de la dynastie Qin. C'est seulement récemment que le terme « style grand sceau » a été étendu également aux formes Zhou occidentales et même aux écritures des os oraculaires. Le terme « style grand sceau » est parfois identifié traditionnellement à l'aide d'un groupe de caractères d'un livre du VIIIe siècle av. J.-C., intitulé Shizhoupian (史籀篇), préservés par leur inclusion dans le lexique du style de la dynastie Han, le Shuowen Jiezi. Xu Shen, l'auteur du Shuowen, a intégré ces caractères à son œuvre lorsqu'ils différaient de l'écriture (petit) sigillaire de Qin, et les a catalogués comme Zhòuwén (籀文) ou « tracés Zhòu ». Ce nom provient du nom du livre, et non pas du nom d'une écriture. Cependant, il n'est pas correct de désigner l'écriture de la dynastie Zhoū (周) du VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. comme Zhòuwén. De même, les tracés Zhòu sont simplement des exemples de style grand sceau lorsque ce terme est utilisé au sens large. La escritura de sello grande o escritura de gran sello ( en chino, 大篆; pinyin, Dàzhuàn ) es la denominación tradicional a la escritura china anterior a la dinastía Qin (es decir, antes del 221 a. C.), y en ocasiones puede referirse estrictamente a la escritura de las dinastías Zhou occidental y oriental (es decir, 1046–403 a. C.). También se utiliza más en términos generales para incluir la escritura de huesos oraculares (c. 1250–1000 a. C.). El término contrasta con el nombre de la escritura oficial de la dinastía Qin, que a menudo se llama escritura de sello pequeño (小篆 Xiǎozhuàn, también llamado simplemente escritura de sello). Sin embargo, debido a la falta de precisión del término, los académicos a menudo lo evitan y en su lugar se refieren más específicamente a la procedencia de los textos encontrados. Más adelante durante la época de la dinastía Han (202 a. C. - 220 d. C.) cuando la escritura clerical se convirtió en la forma popular de escritura, y la escritura de sello se relegó a un uso más formal (como en las firmas personales y para los títulos de las estelas conmemorativas de piedra, populares en ese momento), la gente comenzó a referirse a la escritura anterior de la dinastía Qin como escritura de sello debido a que se escribía mediante sellos. Debido a que las formas de escritura anteriores a la estandarización del sello pequeño, que datan desde la mitad de la dinastía Zhou a principios de la Qin, tenían grafías más grandes y complejas, se las denominó de sello grande. Como resultado, surgieron dos términos para describirlos: escritura de sello grande para las formas más complejas y anteriores, y escritura de sello pequeño para las formas de la dinastía Qin. Es solo recientemente que el término escritura de sello grande se usa para referirse a las formas de Zhou occidental o incluso a la escritura de hueso oracular. El término escritura de sello grande a veces también se identifica con un grupo de caracteres de un libro de 800 a. C. titulado , conservado por su inclusión en el diccionario Shuowen Jiezi , editado durante la época de la dinastía Han. , el autor de Shuowen jiezi, los catalogó como ejemplos como gráficos Zhòuwén (籀文) o Zhòu. Este nombre, que deriva del título del libro y no del nombre de la dinastía, llevó a confundirlos como ejemplos de la escritura de sello grande. 大篆，是西周晚期开始使用的漢字字體，相傳為周宣王的史官籀作《史籀篇》时发明。廣義上的大篆可以泛指小篆之前的所有文字，包括甲骨文、金文（或称「钟鼎文」）、籀文、蝌蚪文與鸟虫书；狹義則僅指籀文，由於小篆是以此為簡化，因此古文記載的大篆通常指籀文。 Stor sigillskrift (大篆; dàzhuàn) är en variant av kinesisk kalligrafi och en föregångare till de fem grundstilarna. Stor sigillskrift är den äldsta formen av kinesisk kalligrafi, och har använts i minst 3 600 år. De äldsta formerna av stor sigillskrift användes huvudsakligen för dekorativa märkningar av till exempel bronsföremål. Under Zhoudynastin (1046 f.Kr.–256 f.Kr.) började stilen användas till löpande text. Stor sigillskrift användes systematisk fram till att den kinesiska skriften standardiserades till liten sigillskrift av Li Si efter Kinas enande 221 f.Kr. Ibland klassas bronsskrift och orakelbensskrift som varianter av stor sigillskrift. Stor sigillskrift karaktäriseras av långsträckta tecken med rundade krökar. Sigillskrift används idag huvudsakligen i dekorativa sammanhang såsom konst, namnstämplar och logotyper. Pismo wielkopieczęciowe (jap. daiten) – rodzaj chińskiego pisma używany w Chinach za czasów dynastii Zhou, w XII–III w p.n.e. Wyewoluowało ono z wcześniejszych form znaków, takich jak napisy na kościach wróżebnych i napisy na brązach. Termin Dàzhuàn został ukuty za czasów dynastii Han jako nazwa znaków, które dały początek ujednoliconemu pismu małopieczęciowemu w państwie Qin, które podbiło całe Chiny i utworzyło cesarstwo. Badacze chińskiego pisma uważają jednak nadaną na zasadzie analogii nazwę Dàzhuàn za nieprecyzyjną, bo obejmuje ona zbyt długi okres historyczny. Wiadomo, że ogniwem pośrednim między pismem wielko- a małopieczęciowym w państwie Qin był rodzaj pisma nazwany Zhòuwén (籀文), od historyka nazwiskiem Zhoù (籀), który ok. 800 r. p.n.e. skompilował księgę Shĭzhoùpiān (史籀篇). Dzieło to zaginęło; był to najprawdopodobniej wzornik, który składał się z 15 rozdziałów i wyliczał 223 znaki. Późniejsi chińscy uczeni błędnie uznawali Shĭzhoùpiān za standaryzację pisma za czasów dynastii Zhou (周) (w chińskiej historiografii okres podbojów państwa Qin przed ustanowieniem cesarstwa, zalicza się właśnie do epoki Zhou). Błąd ten popełnił m.in. Xu Shen, który uznał Shĭzhoùpiān za standaryzację, o czym napisał w przedmowie do swojego dzieła Shuowen Jiezi z początku II w. n.e. Błąd ten skorygował Táng Lán (唐蘭). Zhòuwén uważa się zatem za jeden z rodzajów pisma wielkopieczęciowego. 대전(大篆)은 중국 주나라 선왕 때, 태사 주가 만들었다는 한자의 서체이다. 고전 팔체시의 하나이다. 전문의 전신을 이루는 것이다. 대전은 전국시대 각국이 자형이 달랐으며 전국시대를 통일한 진나라에 의해 소전으로 통일되었다. The large seal script or great seal script (Chinese: 大篆; pinyin: Dàzhuàn) is a traditional reference to Chinese writing from before the Qin dynasty (i.e. before 221 BCE), and is now popularly understood to refer narrowly to the writing of the Western and early Eastern Zhou dynasties (i.e. 1046–403 BCE), and more broadly to also include the oracle bone script (c.1250–1000 BCE). The term is in contrast to the name of the official script of the Qin dynasty, which is often called the small or lesser seal script (小篆 Xiǎozhuàn, also termed simply seal script). However, due to the lack of precision in the term, scholars often avoid it and instead refer more specifically to the provenance of particular examples of writing. In the Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE), when clerical script became the popular form of writing and (small) seal script was relegated to more formal usage such as on signet seals and for the titles of stelae (inscribed stone memorial tablets which were popular at the time), the people began to refer to the earlier Qin dynasty script as 'seal' script (due to the continued use on signet seals, or name chops). At that time, there was still knowledge of even older, often more complex graphs (dating to the middle to late Zhou dynasty, and directly ancestral to the Qin forms) which differed from the Qin seal script forms, but which resembled them in their rounded, seal-script-like style (as opposed to the squared, rectilinear clerical script style). As a result, two terms emerged to describe them: 'greater seal script' for the more complex, earlier forms, and 'small seal script' for the Qin dynasty forms. It is only more recently that the term 'greater seal script' has been extended to refer to Western Zhou forms or even oracle bone script, of which the Han dynasty coiners of this term were unaware. The term 'large seal script' is also sometimes traditionally identified with a group of characters from a book c. 800 BCE entitled Shizhoupian, preserved by their inclusion in the Han dynasty lexicon, the Shuowen Jiezi. Xu Shen, the author of Shuowen, included these when they differed from the structures of the Qin (small) seal script, and labelled the examples Zhòuwén (籀文) or Zhòu graphs. This name comes from the name of the book and not the name of a script. Thus, it is not correct to refer to the c. 800 BCE Zhoū (周) dynasty script as Zhòuwén. Similarly, the Zhòu graphs are merely examples of large seal script when that term is used in a broad sense.
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