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William Erasmus Darwin (27 December 1839 – 8 September 1914) was the first-born son of Charles and Emma Darwin, and the subject of psychological studies by his father. He was educated at Rugby School and Christ's College, Cambridge, and later became a banker at Grant and Maddison's Union Banking Company in Southampton. In 1877 he married an American, Sara Price Ashburner Sedgwick (1839 – 1902), daughter of Theodore Sedgwick. William was a great believer in university education being available to all, and championed the establishment of a university college in Southampton in 1902. The Darwins had no children of their own, and after his wife died, William devoted himself much to his nieces Gwen Raverat, Frances Cornford, and Margaret Keynes. William died on 8 September 1914 at Sedbergh in C

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  • William Erasmus Darwin (27 December 1839 – 8 September 1914) was the first-born son of Charles and Emma Darwin, and the subject of psychological studies by his father. He was educated at Rugby School and Christ's College, Cambridge, and later became a banker at Grant and Maddison's Union Banking Company in Southampton. In 1877 he married an American, Sara Price Ashburner Sedgwick (1839 – 1902), daughter of Theodore Sedgwick. William was a great believer in university education being available to all, and championed the establishment of a university college in Southampton in 1902. The Darwins had no children of their own, and after his wife died, William devoted himself much to his nieces Gwen Raverat, Frances Cornford, and Margaret Keynes. William died on 8 September 1914 at Sedbergh in Cumbria. Raverat remembered him fondly as an eccentric and entirely unselfconscious man in her childhood memoirs Period Piece (1952). There is a story about him at my grandfather's funeral at Westminster Abbey. He was sitting in the front seat as eldest son and chief mourner, and he felt a draught on his already bald head; so he put his black gloves to balance on the top of his skull, and sat like that all through the service with the eyes of the nation upon him. — Gwen Raverat, Period Piece William is primarily notable as a subject of Charles Darwin's studies of infant psychology. Darwin was very fond of his son; at his birth he called him "a prodigy of beauty & intellect", and named him after his own grandfather Erasmus Darwin. During William's first three years his father kept a diary of gestures and facial expressions the infant made. The studies were part of Darwin's comparison between animal and human development, after he had already thoroughly studied orangutan babies at the London Zoo. The diary contains observations on the child learning to follow a candle with his eyes after nine days, smiling with his eyes after six weeks and three days, and developing distinctive cries adjusted to specific situations after eleven weeks. He also noticed the development of more profound personality traits, such as reason and, at two-and-a-half years, conscience. Charles Darwin published his findings in the journal Mind in June 1877, in an article titled "A biographical sketch of an infant". The studies were also an influence behind his work The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, published in 1872. Darwin's work on infant development and child psychology inspired other academics, such as the German psychologist William Preyer and the American James Mark Baldwin, who acknowledged Darwin's influence in his 1913 History of Psychology. William was a keen amateur photographer, and took several portraits of members of his family. William Darwin and his wife are buried in St. Nicolas' Church, North Stoneham, Hampshire; having lived in Bassett, near Southampton, Hampshire. (en)
  • ウィリアム・エラズマス・ダーウィン(William Erasmus Darwin 1839年12月27日-1914年9月8日)はチャールズ・ダーウィンとエマの最初の子供で、幼い頃に父親によって発達心理学的研究の対象となった。 ウィリアム・ダーウィンはラグビー校とケンブリッジ大学のクライスツカレッジで教育を受けた。のちにサウザンプトンのグラント・アンド・マディソン銀行の銀行家となった。1877年にニューヨーク出身のサラ・アシュバーナーと結婚した。ウィリアムは大学の資料に全てアクセスできるような教育を強く支持した。ウィリアム夫妻には子供がおらず、妻が1902年に死去すると、姪のグウェン・ラヴェラ、フランシス・コンフォード、マーガレット・ケインズらを溺愛した。1914年にカンブリアで死去した。 ラヴェラは叔父の思い出を愛情を込めて回想している。ウィリアムは一風変わった、人の目を気にしない男だった。 ウェストミンスター寺院での祖父の葬儀の時の話があります。彼は長男として、喪主として、最前列に座っていました。彼の頭はすでに禿げかかっていて、すきま風を感じたようでした。それで、彼は頭の上にバランスを取って黒い革手袋を乗せて座り、国民の視線の中でつとめを果たしたのです。 ウィリアムはチャールズダーウィンの幼児心理学の対象となったことで有名である。ダーウィンはウィリアムを非常に愛していた。ウィリアムが生まれたとき、ダーウィンは彼を「美しさと知性の驚異」と呼び、祖父のエラズマスにちなんで命名した。ウィリアムが三歳の頃まで、父は彼の仕草や表情を日記に付けた。この観察は動物と人間の発達の比較研究の一部で、ロンドン動物園でオランウータンの赤ちゃんを観察した後に行われた。記録日誌には、生後9日でろうそくの明かりを目で追うことを学び、6週間と3日後にはほほえむことを覚え、11週後には状況に合わせた独特の叫び声を上げるようになったと記されている。父はまた分別のような深い性格の特徴、そして2歳半頃には良心が芽生えたことにも気付いた。この研究はチャールズ・ダーウィンの後の研究にも影響を与え、1872年に『人間と動物の感情表現について』と題されて発表された。観察記録は1877年に学術誌『Mind』に『幼児の伝記スケッチ』と題した論文で発表された。ダーウィンの研究は幼児発達と児童心理学の他の研究者にも感銘を与えた。例えばドイツの心理学者ウィリアム・プライヤーやアメリカのジェームズ・ボールドウィンは後にダーウィンの影響を認めた。 (ja)
  • William Erasmus Darwin (nascido em 27 de dezembro de 1839 † 8 de setembro de 1914), foi o primeiro filho de Charles e Emma Darwin, e o tema dos estudos psicológicos por seu pai. Ele foi educado em Rugby School e Christ’s College de Cambridge, e mais tarde tornou-se um banqueiro no Grant e na , em Southampton. (pt)
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  • William Erasmus Darwin (nascido em 27 de dezembro de 1839 † 8 de setembro de 1914), foi o primeiro filho de Charles e Emma Darwin, e o tema dos estudos psicológicos por seu pai. Ele foi educado em Rugby School e Christ’s College de Cambridge, e mais tarde tornou-se um banqueiro no Grant e na , em Southampton. (pt)
  • William Erasmus Darwin (27 December 1839 – 8 September 1914) was the first-born son of Charles and Emma Darwin, and the subject of psychological studies by his father. He was educated at Rugby School and Christ's College, Cambridge, and later became a banker at Grant and Maddison's Union Banking Company in Southampton. In 1877 he married an American, Sara Price Ashburner Sedgwick (1839 – 1902), daughter of Theodore Sedgwick. William was a great believer in university education being available to all, and championed the establishment of a university college in Southampton in 1902. The Darwins had no children of their own, and after his wife died, William devoted himself much to his nieces Gwen Raverat, Frances Cornford, and Margaret Keynes. William died on 8 September 1914 at Sedbergh in C (en)
  • ウィリアム・エラズマス・ダーウィン(William Erasmus Darwin 1839年12月27日-1914年9月8日)はチャールズ・ダーウィンとエマの最初の子供で、幼い頃に父親によって発達心理学的研究の対象となった。 ウィリアム・ダーウィンはラグビー校とケンブリッジ大学のクライスツカレッジで教育を受けた。のちにサウザンプトンのグラント・アンド・マディソン銀行の銀行家となった。1877年にニューヨーク出身のサラ・アシュバーナーと結婚した。ウィリアムは大学の資料に全てアクセスできるような教育を強く支持した。ウィリアム夫妻には子供がおらず、妻が1902年に死去すると、姪のグウェン・ラヴェラ、フランシス・コンフォード、マーガレット・ケインズらを溺愛した。1914年にカンブリアで死去した。 ラヴェラは叔父の思い出を愛情を込めて回想している。ウィリアムは一風変わった、人の目を気にしない男だった。 ウェストミンスター寺院での祖父の葬儀の時の話があります。彼は長男として、喪主として、最前列に座っていました。彼の頭はすでに禿げかかっていて、すきま風を感じたようでした。それで、彼は頭の上にバランスを取って黒い革手袋を乗せて座り、国民の視線の中でつとめを果たしたのです。 (ja)
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  • ウィリアム・ダーウィン (ja)
  • William Erasmus Darwin (pt)
  • William Erasmus Darwin (en)
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