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The U.S. state of West Virginia was formed out of western Virginia and added to the Union as a direct result of the American Civil War (see History of West Virginia), in which it became the only modern state to have declared its independence from the Confederacy. In the summer of 1861, Union troops, which included a number of newly formed Western Virginia regiments, under General George McClellan, drove off Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee. This essentially freed Unionists in the northwestern counties of Virginia to form a functioning government of their own as a result of the Wheeling Convention. Prior to the admission of West Virginia the government in Wheeling formally claimed jurisdiction over all of Virginia, although from its creation it was firmly committed to the form

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  • L'État de Virginie-Occidentale des États-Unis est formé à partir de l'ouest de la Virginie et est ajouté à l'Union en tant que conséquence directe de la guerre de Sécession (voir histoire de la Virginie-Occidentale). À l'été 1861, les troupes de l'Union, sous les ordres du général George McClellan repoussent les troupes confédérées du général Robert E. Lee. Cela permet essentiellement aux unionistes dans les comtés du nord-ouest de la Virginie de former un gouvernement qui fonctionne indépendamment comme conséquence de la convention de Wheeling. Avant l'admission de la Virginie-Occidentale, le gouvernement à Wheeling revendique officiellement la compétence sur l'ensemble de la Virginie, bien que, depuis sa création, il est fermement attaché à la formation d'un État séparé. Même après le départ de Lee, la Virginie occidentale continue d'être la cible des raids confédérés, même après la création du nouvel état, en 1863. Ces actions se concentrent à la fois pour ravitailler l'armée confédérée avec des provisions ainsi que pour attaquer le chemin de fer de Baltimore et de l'Ohio essentiel qui relie le nord-est avec le mid-ouest, comme le . La guérilla sévit également dans le nouvel État, en particulier dans les comtés des montagnes Allegheny dans l'est, où les loyautés sont beaucoup plus divisées que dans la partie du nord-ouest unioniste de l'État. (fr)
  • Il territorio che sarebbe divenuto il nuovo Stato federato della Virginia Occidentale si schierò fin dall'inizio della guerra di secessione americana dalla parte dell'Unione, nonostante il fatto che in Virginia vigesse lo schiavismo. Entro l'estate del 1861 le truppe dell'Union Army guidate dal generale dell'Unione George McClellan conseguirono una serie di vittorie nella che respinsero fuori dalla zona la Confederate States Army di Robert Edward Lee. Il presidente degli Stati Confederati d'America bastona la Costituzione degli Stati Uniti impigliata in una serpe dopo aver calpestato la bandiera degli Stati Uniti in una vignetta satirica del 1863. Conseguentemente le contee nord-occidentali dello Stato virginiano "liberate" formarono un proprio governo autonomo, a maggioranza essenzialmente filo-unionista, a seguito della . Prima della loro ammissione ufficiale nell'Unione avvenuta nel 1863, tale governo rivendicava formalmente la giurisdizione sull'intera Virginia, sebbene fin dal momento della sua creazione fosse impegnato nella costituzione di uno Stato separato. Dopo il ritiro delle truppe confederate la Virginia Occidentale continuò ad essere il bersaglio di incursioni sudiste, anche dopo essere divenuta Stato federale. Queste incursioni, associate a razzie, s'incentrarono sia sulla fornitura di provviste per l'esercito confederato sia su attacchi contro la ferrovia Baltimore e Ohio che collegava gli Stati Uniti d'America nord-orientali con quelli medio-occidentali. Una delle operazioni più grandi fu il di aprile-maggio 1863. La guerriglia condotta da forze secessioniste più o meno inquadrate nei comandi regolari afflisse anche il nuovo Stato, in special modo nelle contee dei monti Allegani ad est, ove la lealtà nei confronti della presidenza di Abraham Lincoln risultò meno compatta rispetto alla parte fortemente unionista del Nord-ovest. (it)
  • The U.S. state of West Virginia was formed out of western Virginia and added to the Union as a direct result of the American Civil War (see History of West Virginia), in which it became the only modern state to have declared its independence from the Confederacy. In the summer of 1861, Union troops, which included a number of newly formed Western Virginia regiments, under General George McClellan, drove off Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee. This essentially freed Unionists in the northwestern counties of Virginia to form a functioning government of their own as a result of the Wheeling Convention. Prior to the admission of West Virginia the government in Wheeling formally claimed jurisdiction over all of Virginia, although from its creation it was firmly committed to the formation of a separate state. After Lee's departure, western Virginia continued to be a target of Confederate raids. Both the Confederate and state governments in Richmond refused to recognize the creation of the new state in 1863, and thus for the duration of the war the Confederacy regarded its own military offensives within West Virginia not as invasion but rather as an effort to liberate what it considered to be enemy-occupied territory administered by an illegitimate government in Wheeling. Nevertheless, due to its increasingly precarious military position and desperate shortage of resources, Confederate military actions in what it continued to regard as "western Virginia" focused less on reconquest as opposed to both on supplying the Confederate Army with provisions as well as attacking the vital Baltimore and Ohio Railroad that linked the northeast with the Midwest, as exemplified in the Jones-Imboden Raid. Guerrilla warfare also gripped the new state, especially in the Allegheny Mountain counties to the east, where loyalties were much more divided than in the solidly Unionist northwest part of the state. Despite this, the Confederacy was never able to seriously threaten the Unionists' overall control of West Virginia. (en)
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  • Articles related to West Virginia in the American Civil War (en)
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  • L'État de Virginie-Occidentale des États-Unis est formé à partir de l'ouest de la Virginie et est ajouté à l'Union en tant que conséquence directe de la guerre de Sécession (voir histoire de la Virginie-Occidentale). À l'été 1861, les troupes de l'Union, sous les ordres du général George McClellan repoussent les troupes confédérées du général Robert E. Lee. Cela permet essentiellement aux unionistes dans les comtés du nord-ouest de la Virginie de former un gouvernement qui fonctionne indépendamment comme conséquence de la convention de Wheeling. Avant l'admission de la Virginie-Occidentale, le gouvernement à Wheeling revendique officiellement la compétence sur l'ensemble de la Virginie, bien que, depuis sa création, il est fermement attaché à la formation d'un État séparé. (fr)
  • The U.S. state of West Virginia was formed out of western Virginia and added to the Union as a direct result of the American Civil War (see History of West Virginia), in which it became the only modern state to have declared its independence from the Confederacy. In the summer of 1861, Union troops, which included a number of newly formed Western Virginia regiments, under General George McClellan, drove off Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee. This essentially freed Unionists in the northwestern counties of Virginia to form a functioning government of their own as a result of the Wheeling Convention. Prior to the admission of West Virginia the government in Wheeling formally claimed jurisdiction over all of Virginia, although from its creation it was firmly committed to the form (en)
  • Il territorio che sarebbe divenuto il nuovo Stato federato della Virginia Occidentale si schierò fin dall'inizio della guerra di secessione americana dalla parte dell'Unione, nonostante il fatto che in Virginia vigesse lo schiavismo. Entro l'estate del 1861 le truppe dell'Union Army guidate dal generale dell'Unione George McClellan conseguirono una serie di vittorie nella che respinsero fuori dalla zona la Confederate States Army di Robert Edward Lee. (it)
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  • West Virginia in the American Civil War (en)
  • Virginia Occidentale nella guerra di secessione americana (it)
  • Virginie-Occidentale durant la guerre de Sécession (fr)
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