About: Weeks Act

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The Weeks Act is a federal law (36 Stat. 961) enacted by the United States Congress on March 1, 1911. Introduced by Massachusetts Congressman John W. Weeks and signed into law by President William Howard Taft, the law authorized the United States Secretary of Agriculture to "Examine, locate and recommend for purchase ... such lands within the watersheds of navigable streams as ... may be necessary to the regulation of flow of navigable streams...." This meant that the federal government would be able to purchase private land if the purchase was deemed necessary to protect rivers' and watersheds' headwaters in the eastern United States. Furthermore, the law allowed for land acquired through this act to be preserved and maintained as national forest territory. Six years earlier, the Transfer

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  • قانون الأسابيع هو قانون اتحادي سنه كونغرس الولايات المتحدة في 1 مارس 1911. قدمه جون دبليو ويكس عضو الكونجرس عن ولاية ماساتشوستس ووقعه الرئيس ويليام هوارد تافت ليصبح قانونًا، خول القانون وزير الزراعة الأمريكي «فحص وتحديد موقع والتوصية بشرائها ... مثل هذه الأراضي الواقعة ضمن مستجمعات المياه في الجداول الصالحة للملاحة ... قد تكون ضرورية لتنظيم تدفق المجاري المائية الصالحة للملاحة ....» وهذا يعني أن الحكومة الفيدرالية ستكون قادرة على شراء الأراضي الخاصة الأرض إذا كان الشراء ضروريًا لحماية منابع الأنهار ومستجمعات المياه في شرق الولايات المتحدة. علاوة على ذلك سمح القانون بالحفاظ على الأراضي المكتسبة من خلال هذا القانون والمحافظة عليها كأراضي حرجية وطنية. قبل ست سنوات نقل قانون النقل لعام 1905 السيطرة على محميات الغابات الفيدرالية من مكتب الأراضي العام التابع لوزارة الداخلية إلى وزارة الزراعة وخدمة الغابات التابعة لها. لم تُمنح مسؤولية الأراضي التي تم شراؤها من خلال قانون الأسابيع لرئيس الغابات السابق جيفورد بينشوت لأنه استقال من اللجنة الوطنية لحماية الغابات في عام 1907، بشرط أنه لن يستقيل إلا إذا كان بإمكانه تعيين خليفته. أدى هذا الشرط إلى تقليد خدمة الغابات في اختيار رأس لديه معرفة بالغابات. من خلال الحصول على الأرض من خلال قانون الأسابيع، حصل خليفة بينشوت على سلطة إصدار تصاريح لتطوير الطاقة المائية في الغابات الوطنية. خصص قانون الأسابيع 9 ملايين دولار لشراء 6 ملايين فدان (24.000 كم 2) من الأراضي في شرق الولايات المتحدة. (ar)
  • The Weeks Act is a federal law (36 Stat. 961) enacted by the United States Congress on March 1, 1911. Introduced by Massachusetts Congressman John W. Weeks and signed into law by President William Howard Taft, the law authorized the United States Secretary of Agriculture to "Examine, locate and recommend for purchase ... such lands within the watersheds of navigable streams as ... may be necessary to the regulation of flow of navigable streams...." This meant that the federal government would be able to purchase private land if the purchase was deemed necessary to protect rivers' and watersheds' headwaters in the eastern United States. Furthermore, the law allowed for land acquired through this act to be preserved and maintained as national forest territory. Six years earlier, the Transfer Act of 1905 transferred control over the federal forest reserves from the General Land Office of the Department of the Interior to the Department of Agriculture and its Forest Service. Responsibility for land purchased through the Weeks Act was not given to former Chief Forester Gifford Pinchot because he resigned from the National Forest Reservation Commission in 1907, with the stipulation that he would only resign if he could appoint his successor. This stipulation led to the Forest Service's tradition of picking a head with forestry knowledge. With the land acquired through the Weeks Act, Pinchot's successor obtained the power to issue permits for water power development on National Forests. The Weeks Act appropriated $9 million to purchase 6 million acres (24,000 km2) of land in the eastern United States. The Weeks Act also provided measures for more cooperation between federal and state governments in regard to fire control. This legislation was heavily influenced by the fire season of 1910 because it wreaked havoc across the western United States, particularly in Idaho, where 85 people, including 72 firefighters, were killed in fires and more than 3 million acres (12,000 km2) of land and roughly 8,000,000,000 board feet (19,000,000 m3) of timber were destroyed by fires that year. This year's fire season alone put the US Forest Service $1.1 million in debt. The Weeks Act also authorized establishment of the National Forest Reservation Commission to consider and approve purchase of these identified lands. The commission was composed of the secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture, and War (for the Corps of Engineers), as well as two members each from the House and Senate. Jacob Gallinger, who had sponsored the Senate's version of the bill, was named a member of the initial committee. The commission would exist from 1911 to 1966. The drafting of Weeks Act was originally motivated by the intent to purchase lands in eastern United States, where the federal government owned no large tracts of land devoted to conservation. Later western lands were acquired under the Weeks Act. The Weeks Act was substantially expanded and modified by the Clarke–McNary Act in 1924. Major national forests that were formed under the Weeks Act are the Allegheny National Forest, White Mountain National Forest, Green Mountain National Forest, Pisgah National Forest, George Washington National Forest, and Ottawa National Forest. To date, the Weeks Act has protected more than 20 million acres of forestland, which has had a tremendous benefit for ecosystems and society by providing habitat for plants and animals, creating lucrative recreation spots for tourists, and creating economic opportunities for local communities, stimulating the economy. The Weeks Act effectively outlawed some Native American fire management practices. The Weeks Act was involved in the United States Forest Service v. Cowpasture River Preservation Assn. decision. (en)
  • 《维克斯法》(英語:Weeks Act)是美国国会于1911年3月1日颁布的一道联邦法令。该法由麻薩諸塞州议员提出,由威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱总统签署,由授权,旨在“对通航水域进行检测、定位,并进行土地资源购买推荐”。此举意味着联邦政府可以为了保护美國東部河流、的,而从私人手里购买土地。此外,该法也允许通过此种方法获得的土地变为保护区,并作为国家森林管理、维护下去。六年前,《1905年移交法》将联邦森林保护区从内政部的移交到了美国农业部与其旗下的国家森林局,但由于在1907年辞职,《维克斯法》中提到的土地管理责任并没有移交到他的手上,但规定他只有在指定一名接班人后才能辞职。此规定变成了国家森林局的一项传统——森林局局长必须充分了解林业。平诺特的接班人可以为那些通过《维克斯法》获取的公有土地授权,使这些土地为国家森林的水利工程项目所用。维克斯法也划出了900万美元的预算,可用来购买美国东部面积6 × 106英畝(24,000平方公里)的土地。 (zh)
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  • 《维克斯法》(英語:Weeks Act)是美国国会于1911年3月1日颁布的一道联邦法令。该法由麻薩諸塞州议员提出,由威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱总统签署,由授权,旨在“对通航水域进行检测、定位,并进行土地资源购买推荐”。此举意味着联邦政府可以为了保护美國東部河流、的,而从私人手里购买土地。此外,该法也允许通过此种方法获得的土地变为保护区,并作为国家森林管理、维护下去。六年前,《1905年移交法》将联邦森林保护区从内政部的移交到了美国农业部与其旗下的国家森林局,但由于在1907年辞职,《维克斯法》中提到的土地管理责任并没有移交到他的手上,但规定他只有在指定一名接班人后才能辞职。此规定变成了国家森林局的一项传统——森林局局长必须充分了解林业。平诺特的接班人可以为那些通过《维克斯法》获取的公有土地授权,使这些土地为国家森林的水利工程项目所用。维克斯法也划出了900万美元的预算,可用来购买美国东部面积6 × 106英畝(24,000平方公里)的土地。 (zh)
  • قانون الأسابيع هو قانون اتحادي سنه كونغرس الولايات المتحدة في 1 مارس 1911. قدمه جون دبليو ويكس عضو الكونجرس عن ولاية ماساتشوستس ووقعه الرئيس ويليام هوارد تافت ليصبح قانونًا، خول القانون وزير الزراعة الأمريكي «فحص وتحديد موقع والتوصية بشرائها ... مثل هذه الأراضي الواقعة ضمن مستجمعات المياه في الجداول الصالحة للملاحة ... قد تكون ضرورية لتنظيم تدفق المجاري المائية الصالحة للملاحة ....» وهذا يعني أن الحكومة الفيدرالية ستكون قادرة على شراء الأراضي الخاصة الأرض إذا كان الشراء ضروريًا لحماية منابع الأنهار ومستجمعات المياه في شرق الولايات المتحدة. علاوة على ذلك سمح القانون بالحفاظ على الأراضي المكتسبة من خلال هذا القانون والمحافظة عليها كأراضي حرجية وطنية. قبل ست سنوات نقل قانون النقل لعام 1905 السيطرة على محميات الغابات الفيدرالية من مكتب الأراضي العام التابع لوزارة الداخلية إلى وزارة الزراعة وخد (ar)
  • The Weeks Act is a federal law (36 Stat. 961) enacted by the United States Congress on March 1, 1911. Introduced by Massachusetts Congressman John W. Weeks and signed into law by President William Howard Taft, the law authorized the United States Secretary of Agriculture to "Examine, locate and recommend for purchase ... such lands within the watersheds of navigable streams as ... may be necessary to the regulation of flow of navigable streams...." This meant that the federal government would be able to purchase private land if the purchase was deemed necessary to protect rivers' and watersheds' headwaters in the eastern United States. Furthermore, the law allowed for land acquired through this act to be preserved and maintained as national forest territory. Six years earlier, the Transfer (en)
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  • قانون الأسابيع (ar)
  • Weeks Act (en)
  • 维克斯法 (zh)
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