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- Upāya (उपाय) is a Sanskrit word that means "approaches" or "ideas", "to come into any state or condition" and "to come near or towards". It also refers to methods of diplomacy found in Hindu and Jain texts. Avoid War One can lose a war as easily as one can win.War is inherently unpredictable.War is also expensive. Avoid war.Try Upaya (four strategies).Then (six forms of non-war pressure).Understand the opponent and seek to outwit him.When everything fails, resort to military force. —Arthashastra Books 2.10, 6-7, 10 Kautilya mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to reach a solution in state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations. This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow. 1. Sama, the first step, means conciliation or alliances. When the situation of conflict arises between states, the firsts step is to talk. 2. Dana, the second, means gifts or compensation. Sometimes it is referred to as Dama, price, it means to pay the value. 3. Bheda, refers to usage of Logic or Trickery, influence the mind. 4. Danda refers to force or armaments. To take up war with the opposite state. All of the above four Upayas are generally spoken together in a single colloquial phrase - "Sama Dana Bheda Dandopaya". This is a very common quote that is used all over India as a suggestion to resolve any conflict. An article on Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses website states that the 20th-century power-politics theoretician Hans J. Morgenthau suggests similar four methods in a struggle for the balance of power: Divide and Rule; Compensation; Armaments; and Alliances. These four approaches are found in the Hindu Itihasa (epics) and the Dharmasastras, as well as the Jain text Nitivakyamitra. (en)
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- Avoid War
One can lose a war as easily as one can win.
War is inherently unpredictable.
War is also expensive. Avoid war.
Try Upaya .
Then Sadgunya .
Understand the opponent and seek to outwit him.
When everything fails, resort to military force. (en)
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- —Arthashastra Books 2.10, 6-7, 10 (en)
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- Upāya (उपाय) is a Sanskrit word that means "approaches" or "ideas", "to come into any state or condition" and "to come near or towards". It also refers to methods of diplomacy found in Hindu and Jain texts. Avoid War One can lose a war as easily as one can win.War is inherently unpredictable.War is also expensive. Avoid war.Try Upaya (four strategies).Then (six forms of non-war pressure).Understand the opponent and seek to outwit him.When everything fails, resort to military force. —Arthashastra Books 2.10, 6-7, 10 3. Bheda, refers to usage of Logic or Trickery, influence the mind. (en)
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