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Turco-Calvinism refers to the alliance or rapprochement between the followers of the Protestant Reformation and the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. This rapprochement occurred at the expense of the Catholic Habsburgs, as the Protestant Christians was struggling for survival in Europe and later entered into frontal conflict with the iconoclastic movement of 1567, and concomitantly the Ottoman Empire was also fighting against the Habsburgs for control of Central Europe. This rapprochement can be seen as a continuation of the Franco-Ottoman alliance established by Francis I of France from the beginning of the 16th century, although France, as a Catholic power, was most often an enemy to the Protestant powers of northern Europe.

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  • Turco-Calvinism refers to the alliance or rapprochement between the followers of the Protestant Reformation and the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. This rapprochement occurred at the expense of the Catholic Habsburgs, as the Protestant Christians was struggling for survival in Europe and later entered into frontal conflict with the iconoclastic movement of 1567, and concomitantly the Ottoman Empire was also fighting against the Habsburgs for control of Central Europe. This rapprochement can be seen as a continuation of the Franco-Ottoman alliance established by Francis I of France from the beginning of the 16th century, although France, as a Catholic power, was most often an enemy to the Protestant powers of northern Europe. The Dutch in particular were involved in these relations. Envoys were exchanged, and an Ottoman trading centre was established in Antwerp in agreement with the Sultan, where four Greeks were able to officiate. This rapprochement brought a stimulus to the development of Antwerp and the western seaboard. By 1612, Holland had established a formal embassy in the Ottoman Empire, following France (1534) and England. (en)
  • トルコ=カルヴァン派は、16世紀のプロテスタントとオスマン帝国の同盟や和解を指す。 宗教改革がヨーロッパで生存をかけた戦いを続けている時や、1567年の偶像破壊運動が始まった時、さらに、オスマン帝国が東南ヨーロッパを支配するための戦いとして、カトリックのハプスブルク家に対抗するために、この和解がなされた。この和解は、16世紀初頭、フランソワ1世によって締結されたにつながっている。 特にオランダ人はこれらの関係に関与していた。使節を派遣しあい、スルタンの承認のもとで、アントウェルペンにオスマンの貿易センターが作られた。そこでは、4人のギリシア人が職務を果たすことができた。この和解はアントウェルペンと西海岸に発展に刺激をもたらした。1612年までに、オランダは、フランス(1534年)やイングランドに次いで、オスマン帝国に公式な大使館を設立した。 (ja)
  • Il turco-calvinismo (in olandese Calvinoturkisme) si riferisce all'alleanza o al riavvicinamento tra i seguaci della Riforma protestante e l'Impero ottomano durante il XVI secolo. Questo riavvicinamento avvenne a spese degli Asburgo cattolici, poiché la Riforma protestante stava lottando per la sopravvivenza in Europa ed entrò in seguito in conflitto frontale con il movimento iconoclasta del 1567, e in concomitanza anche l'Impero ottomano stava combattendo contro gli Asburgo per il controllo dell'Europa centrale. Questo riavvicinamento può essere visto come una continuazione dell'alleanza franco-ottomana stabilita da Francesco I di Francia all'inizio del XVI secolo, sebbene la Francia, come potenza cattolica, fosse spesso nemica delle potenze protestanti del nord Europa. Gli olandesi in particolare erano coinvolti in queste relazioni. Furono scambiati gli inviati e fu stabilito un centro del commercio ottomano ad Anversa in accordo con il Sultano, dove quattro greci furono in grado di officiare. Questo riavvicinamento portò uno stimolo allo sviluppo di Anversa e della costa occidentale. Nel 1612, l'Olanda stabilì un'ambasciata formale nell'Impero ottomano, dopo la Francia (1534) e l'Inghilterra (it)
  • Calvinoturkisme (ook wel turcocalvinisme) verwijst naar het bondgenootschap of de toenadering tussen de Protestantse Reformatie en het Ottomaanse Rijk in de 16e eeuw. Deze toenadering was gericht tegen de katholieke Habsburgers. De Protestantse Reformatie vocht voor haar overleven in Europa en kwam in openlijk conflict met de Habsburgers tijdens de Beeldenstorm van 1567. Tegelijkertijd vocht het Ottomaanse Rijk tegen de Habsburgers om de overheersing van Zuidoost-Europa. De toenadering kan gezien worden als een voortzetting van het , dat in het begin van de 16e eeuw ingesteld werd door Frans I van Frankrijk, hoewel Frankrijk, als een katholiek koninkrijk, doorgaans vijandig stond tegenover de protestantse machten van Noord-Europa. In het bijzonder de Nederlanders namen deel aan de uitwisselingen. Er werden gezanten uitgewisseld en in overeenkomst met de sultan werd er in Antwerpen een Ottomaanse handelspost opgericht, waar vier Grieken handel konden drijven. Deze toenadering gaf een impuls aan de ontwikkeling van Antwerpen en de Noordzeekust. Tegen 1612 had de Republiek een formele ambassade opgericht in het Ottomaanse Rijk, in navolging van Frankrijk (1534) en Engeland. (nl)
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  • トルコ=カルヴァン派は、16世紀のプロテスタントとオスマン帝国の同盟や和解を指す。 宗教改革がヨーロッパで生存をかけた戦いを続けている時や、1567年の偶像破壊運動が始まった時、さらに、オスマン帝国が東南ヨーロッパを支配するための戦いとして、カトリックのハプスブルク家に対抗するために、この和解がなされた。この和解は、16世紀初頭、フランソワ1世によって締結されたにつながっている。 特にオランダ人はこれらの関係に関与していた。使節を派遣しあい、スルタンの承認のもとで、アントウェルペンにオスマンの貿易センターが作られた。そこでは、4人のギリシア人が職務を果たすことができた。この和解はアントウェルペンと西海岸に発展に刺激をもたらした。1612年までに、オランダは、フランス(1534年)やイングランドに次いで、オスマン帝国に公式な大使館を設立した。 (ja)
  • Turco-Calvinism refers to the alliance or rapprochement between the followers of the Protestant Reformation and the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. This rapprochement occurred at the expense of the Catholic Habsburgs, as the Protestant Christians was struggling for survival in Europe and later entered into frontal conflict with the iconoclastic movement of 1567, and concomitantly the Ottoman Empire was also fighting against the Habsburgs for control of Central Europe. This rapprochement can be seen as a continuation of the Franco-Ottoman alliance established by Francis I of France from the beginning of the 16th century, although France, as a Catholic power, was most often an enemy to the Protestant powers of northern Europe. (en)
  • Il turco-calvinismo (in olandese Calvinoturkisme) si riferisce all'alleanza o al riavvicinamento tra i seguaci della Riforma protestante e l'Impero ottomano durante il XVI secolo. Questo riavvicinamento avvenne a spese degli Asburgo cattolici, poiché la Riforma protestante stava lottando per la sopravvivenza in Europa ed entrò in seguito in conflitto frontale con il movimento iconoclasta del 1567, e in concomitanza anche l'Impero ottomano stava combattendo contro gli Asburgo per il controllo dell'Europa centrale. Questo riavvicinamento può essere visto come una continuazione dell'alleanza franco-ottomana stabilita da Francesco I di Francia all'inizio del XVI secolo, sebbene la Francia, come potenza cattolica, fosse spesso nemica delle potenze protestanti del nord Europa. (it)
  • Calvinoturkisme (ook wel turcocalvinisme) verwijst naar het bondgenootschap of de toenadering tussen de Protestantse Reformatie en het Ottomaanse Rijk in de 16e eeuw. Deze toenadering was gericht tegen de katholieke Habsburgers. De Protestantse Reformatie vocht voor haar overleven in Europa en kwam in openlijk conflict met de Habsburgers tijdens de Beeldenstorm van 1567. Tegelijkertijd vocht het Ottomaanse Rijk tegen de Habsburgers om de overheersing van Zuidoost-Europa. De toenadering kan gezien worden als een voortzetting van het , dat in het begin van de 16e eeuw ingesteld werd door Frans I van Frankrijk, hoewel Frankrijk, als een katholiek koninkrijk, doorgaans vijandig stond tegenover de protestantse machten van Noord-Europa. (nl)
rdfs:label
  • Turco-calvinismo (it)
  • トルコ=カルヴァン派 (ja)
  • Calvinoturkisme (nl)
  • Turco-Calvinism (en)
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