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- The Toreli (Georgian: თორელი), earlier known as the Gamrekeli (გამრეკელი), were a noble family in medieval Georgia, known from the 10th century and prominent into the 14th. The dynastic name "Toreli" is derived from the territorial epithet, literally meaning "of Tori", a historic district and the family's original fiefdom in south-central Georgia. The Toreli rose to particular prominence during the Georgian Golden Age under Queen Tamar (r. 1178/1184–1213) and her immediate successors, George IV (r. 1213–1223) and Rusudan (r. 1223–1246). They held fiefs in south and central Georgia and, at times, governed the newly conquered north Armenian districts on behalf of the crown. Several members of the family – one of the most important princely houses at that time – occupied important posts in the administration and army, including the dignity of amirspasalar. A senior branch held the hereditary office of eristavi ("duke") of Akhalkalaki, and a junior branch – Akhaltsikheli – that of Akhaltsikhe. At one point in the 12th century, the former was briefly surpassed by the latter, whose influence quickly waned after the death of Shalva and Ivane Akhaltsikheli during the Khwarezmian invasion in 1225. The Toreli went in gradual decline during the Mongol hegemony over Georgia in the course of the 13th century. Of the Toreli branches, the longest surviving were the Javakhishvili, in Shida Kartli, eventually confirmed as princes (knyaz) of the Russian Empire in 1850. Some Georgian historians (such as S. Kakabadze, N. Shoshiashvili, S. Tsaishvili) have put forward a tentative hypothesis identifying the medieval Georgian epic poet Shota Rustaveli with a member of the Toreli family. (en)
- Торели (груз. თორელი) — знатный род с средневековья Грузии, известный с Х века. Династическое название «Торели» происходит от территориального эпитета, буквально означающее «Торский», «Тореец» (Тори — историческая часть южно-центральной Грузии, которая была вотчиной рода Торели). Род Торели поднялся на особое место в «золотой век» Царства Грузии под царицы Тамара (р. 1178/1184 — 1213) и её ближайших преемников — Георгий IV Лаша (годы правления 1213—1223) и Русудан (годы правления 1223—1246). Торели имели феодальные владения в южной и центральной Грузии и, порой, правили новозавоеванными северными территориями Армении. Многие представители этого рода — одного из самых важных княжеских домов в то время — занимали важные посты в администрации и армии, в том числе и пост амирспасалара. (ru)
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- The Toreli (Georgian: თორელი), earlier known as the Gamrekeli (გამრეკელი), were a noble family in medieval Georgia, known from the 10th century and prominent into the 14th. The dynastic name "Toreli" is derived from the territorial epithet, literally meaning "of Tori", a historic district and the family's original fiefdom in south-central Georgia. Some Georgian historians (such as S. Kakabadze, N. Shoshiashvili, S. Tsaishvili) have put forward a tentative hypothesis identifying the medieval Georgian epic poet Shota Rustaveli with a member of the Toreli family. (en)
- Торели (груз. თორელი) — знатный род с средневековья Грузии, известный с Х века. Династическое название «Торели» происходит от территориального эпитета, буквально означающее «Торский», «Тореец» (Тори — историческая часть южно-центральной Грузии, которая была вотчиной рода Торели). Род Торели поднялся на особое место в «золотой век» Царства Грузии под царицы Тамара (р. 1178/1184 — 1213) и её ближайших преемников — Георгий IV Лаша (годы правления 1213—1223) и Русудан (годы правления 1223—1246). (ru)
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- House of Toreli (en)
- Торели (ru)
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